越冬期覆膜对甘蓝型冬油菜生长及产量的影响  

Effects of film mulching on the growth and yield of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) in overwintering period

作　　者：曹金华[1] 张书芬[1] 朱家成[1] 何俊平[1] 蔡东芳[1] 王建平[1] 文雁成[1] 赵磊[1] 王东国[1] 刘奕孜[1] CAO Jin-hua;ZHANG Shu-fen;ZHU Jia-cheng;HE Jun-ping;CAI Dong-fang;WANG Jian-ping;WEN Yan-cheng;ZHAO Lei;WANG Dong-guo;LIU Yi-zi(Institute of Industrial Crops of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseed Crops in Huang huaihai Plain of Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第7期1492-1500,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项(221111110400);现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-12);河南省大豆油料产业技术体系(HARS-22-06);河南省农业科学院基础性科研项目(2023JC07);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2023TD17)。

摘　　要：以17个甘蓝型冬油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种(系)为试验材料,研究覆膜越冬处理和自然越冬处理的油菜生理特征及产量变化规律。结果表明,自然越冬处理的各品种(系)油菜全部发生不同程度的冻害,品种(系)间冻害指数和越冬率差异显著,苗期SPAD值与冻害指数呈显著负相关。覆膜越冬处理可使油菜越冬期生长温度保持在7℃以上,比自然越冬处理提高5.1~11.6℃,油菜生育期缩短2~6 d。各品种(系)油菜越冬期覆膜增产效果显著,平均产量达3647.71 kg/hm^(2),增产幅度为5.2%~112.1%,主要是通过提高单株角果数,尤其是分枝角果数实现增产。17个油菜品种(系)中,V2的抗寒性仅次于对照V17,产量也较高。此结果为黄淮区域甘蓝型冬油菜高产栽培和抗寒品种选育提供了理论依据。The physiological characteristics and yield changes of rapeseed under plastic film mulching and natural overwintering treatments were studied by using 17 winter rapeseed varieties(lines)as experimental materials.The results showed that all varieties(lines)of rapeseed under natural overwintering treatment experienced varying degrees of frost damage,and there were significant differences in frost damage index and overwintering rate between varieties(lines).The SPAD value during the seedling stage was significantly negatively correlated with the frost damage index.Mulching plastic film during overwintering could maintain the growth temperature of rapeseed above 7℃,which was 5.1-11.6℃higher than that of natural overwintering treatment,and the growth period of rapeseed was shortened by 2-6 days.The yield increase of various varieties(lines)of rapeseed under the treatment of plastic film mulching during the overwintering period was significant,with an average yield of 3647.71 kg/hm^(2),and the yield increase ranged from 5.2%to 112.1%.The main approach to increase yield was to increase the number of pods per plant,especially the number of branched pods.Among the 17 rapeseed varieties(lines),the cold resistance of V2 was second only to the control V17,and the yield was also higher.The results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and cold resistant varieties breeding of winter rapeseed in Huanghuai region.

关 键 词：油菜 覆膜 生理特征 经济性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]