洞庭湖平原高产耐密宜机收春玉米品种筛选  

Selection of Spring Maize Varieties with High Yield,Denseness Tolerance and Harvester Suitability in Dongting Lake Plain

作　　者：刘子禄 郭欢乐 曾强 李涵[1] 曹钟洋[1] 黄山[1] 汤彬[1] 陈志辉[1] LIU Zi-lu;GUO Huan-le;ZENG Qiang;LI Han;CAO Zhong-yang;HUANG Shan;TANG Bin;CHEN Zhi-hui(Hunan Crop Research Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省作物研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第10期19-25,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ40329);湖南省农业种质资源保护与利用资金(湘财农指[2022]23号);湖南省现代农业产业体系(湘农发[2019]105号);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2022CX108,2022CX58);湖南创新型省份建设专项经费(2021NK2001)。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜湖南省洞庭湖平原地区种植的高产耐密宜机收的春玉米新品种,加快推进玉米生产全程机械化水平、提高农户种植效益,以西南地区近几年新选育的36个杂交玉米新品种和对照品种中玉335为试验材料,采用大区比较试验分析各品种的产量、抗逆性和机收相关性状。结果表明:参试品种的折合产量在6.39~10.88 t/hm2间,比对照品种中玉335增产10%以上的品种有17个;不同品种收获时籽粒含水量存在明显差异,最高为33.5%(凉435),最低为23.7%(SAU210),平均值为27.6%,共有25个品种收获时籽粒含水量低于28%(符合标准要求),可以满足机收需求;不同籽粒含水量类型品种之间的杂质率、籽粒破碎率差异较大,而抗病性、生育期差异较小。综合考虑品种的生育期、抗逆性、产量和机收相关性状,沣玉4号、DS20101、雅玉158和KD205等品种可作为洞庭湖平原高产耐密宜机收春玉米品种。To select new spring maize varieties suitable for planting in the Dongting Lake Plain with high yield,denseness tolerance and harvester suitability,accelerate the maize production mechanization and improve farmers'planting benefits,regional comparative experiments of 36 new hybrid maize varieties from the southwest region of China were conducted to analyze their yields,stress resistances and traits related to machine harvest,with Zhongyu 335 as a control variety.The result showed that converted average yields of the tested varieties ranged from 6.39 to 10.88 t/hm2,and 17 varieties surpassed the control by more than 10%.Grain moisture content varied significantly among these varieties during harvest,averagely reaching 27.6%from the highest of 33.5%(Liang 435)to the lowest of 23.7%(SAU210);there were 25 varieties with grain moisture content less than 28%at harvest,meeting the need of machine harvesting.Among different grain moisture content types of varieties,there were significant differences in impurity rate and broken grain rate,but without obvious differences in disease resistance and growth period.According to the growth period,stress resistance,yield and machine harvest related traits,Fengyu 4,DS20101,Yayu 158 and KD205 are high-yield,denseness-tolerant spring maize varieties suitable for planting and machine harvesting in Dongting Lake Plain.

关 键 词：玉米 产量 抗性 籽粒含水量 破碎率 含杂率 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]