锂离子电池容量衰减原理研究进展  

Researchprogress oncapacityattenuationprinciple of lithiumionbattery

作　　者：朱新华 李肖辉[1,2] 斯建东 李正力 田志国 ZHU Xinhua;LI Xiaohui;SI Jiandong;LI Zhengli;TIAN Zhiguo(XU JI CEPRI Energy Storage Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xuchang Henan 461000,China;XJ Group Corporation,Xuchang Henan 461000,China;Taizhou Power Supply Company,State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Taizhou Zhejiang 318000,China)

机构地区：[1]许昌许继电科储能技术有限公司,河南许昌461000 [2]许继集团有限公司,河南许昌461000 [3]国网浙江省电力有限公司台州供电公司,浙江台州318000

出　　处：《电源技术》2023年第11期1387-1393,共7页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目资助(5419-202155236A-0-0-00)。

摘　　要：电化学储能是构建新型电力系统,完成能源结构转型,实现“双碳”目标的关键技术支撑。其中,锂离子电池在电化学储能装机容量中占比九成,是核心的技术发展路线。锂离子电池在使用过程中,会遇到短路、内阻增大、漏液产气、析锂、热失控等造成循环性能下降、容量衰减现象,严重影响了电池的经济使用性和安全性。电池容量衰减主要包括不可逆容量衰减和可逆容量衰减,进一步分为静置中衰减和运行中衰减。综述了锂离子电池的容量衰减分为外部因素和内部因素两种类型:外部因素包括工作环境、放电深度、放电电流、使用工况;内部因素包括正极材料溶解、负极材料表面析锂、固体电解质膜(SEI)增厚破裂、电解液还原等。从电池内部电化学反应机理和外部工程实际应用场景,研究了锂离子电池容量衰减原理,并对其进行了总结和展望。Electrochemical energy storage is the key technical support for building a new power system,completing the transformation of the energy structure,and achieving the goal of"dual carbon".Among them,lithiumion batteries account for 90%of the installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage,which is the core technology development route.During the use of lithium-ion batteries,short circuits,increased internal resistance,liquid leakage and gas production,lithium evolution,thermal runaway,etc.will cause cycle performance degradation and capacity attenuation,which seriously affect the economical use and safety performance of the battery.Battery capacity fading mainly includes irreversible capacity fading and reversible capacity fading,which is further divided into fading during standing and fading during operation.The capacity fading of lithium-ion batteries was summarized into two types:external factors and internal factors.External factors included working environment,depth of discharge,discharge current,and operating conditions.Internal factors included the dissolution of positive electrode materials,lithium deposition on the surface of negative electrode materials,solid electrolyte interphase thickening and rupture,electrolyte reduction,etc.From the internal electrochemical reaction mechanism of the battery and the practical application scenarios of external engineering,the capacity fading principle of lithium-ion battery was studied,and its summary and prospect were made.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 电池容量 正极材料 负极材料 SEI 电解液 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]