设施蔬菜产业发展(三) 我国蔬菜设施结构现状、问题与建议  

Current Situation,Problems and Suggestions for China’s Protected Vegetable Structures

作　　者：李建明[1] LI Jianming(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2023年第11期1-8,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-23-D05),陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目(2023NYGG008)。

摘　　要：温室大棚等设施结构为蔬菜生长发育、产量品质提升提供了良好的环境条件。提升改造、设计建造性价比高、农机农艺融合的新型设施结构,是推进设施蔬菜高质量发展的必然途径。本文总结了我国西北、华北、东北、华东地区老旧日光温室和主要拱棚的结构现状,阐述了目前建造的主要新型日光温室、拱棚与连栋温室类型,温室大棚建造墙体材料、保温覆盖材料、能源利用类型,分析了我国蔬菜设施结构与环境控制存在的主要问题,提出了依地域环境、作物种类、经营主体选择设计棚型结构,集成设施设计新结构、新设备、新材料。建议制定全国不同地区温室大棚改造方案,减少资金浪费;发挥组织优势,以政策为导向,发展优良棚体;加大技术攻关立项,突破设施结构建造中存在的重点与难点问题。Such protected structures as greenhouses provide good environmental conditions for vegetable growth and quality.To improve and build new-typed,high cost-effective protected structure combining both farm machines and techniques is the essential way to push forward the high-quality development of protected vegetables.In this article,we summarized the status quo of old-typed greenhouse and tunnel structures in northwestern,northern,northeastern and eastern China.We stated the different types of the commonly-built new single greenhouses,tunnels and multi-span greenhouses,the types of wall materials for greenhouses,heat preservation covering materials,and the types of energy utilization.We analyzed the major existing problems in the protected structures and environmental control of China’s vegetable growth.In this article we also proposed to choose the greenhouse designing structures according to regional environment,crop differences and the managing grower,and to integrate the new structures,new equipment and new materials in protected structure designing.We suggest that greenhouse transformation schemes be made so as to reduce the fund for building new greenhouse;that protected facilities with excellent performances be built under effective organization and with the leading of good policies,and that more projects and programs for technological breakthrough be approved to solve the key problems existing in protected structure designing and building.

关 键 词：蔬菜 设施结构 温室材料 存在问题 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] F326.13[经济管理—产业经济]