小兴安岭南部2种红松天然林优势树种的空间结构和生态位特征  

Spatial structure and niche characteristics of dominant species in natural Pinus koraiensis forest in southern Xiaoxing’an Mountains

作　　者：王亚飞 蒋乙东 段文标[1] 朱海媖 王秋宇 WANG Yafei;JIANG Yidong;DUAN Wenbiao;ZHU Haiying;WANG Qiuyu(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150000,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2023年第10期117-128,共12页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670627,31770656);东北林业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(DC2020008)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了解小兴安岭南部地区的红松天然林内资源和空间分布结构。【方法】本研究基于外业调查数据,对小兴安岭南部的阔叶红松林和云冷杉红松林的生态位特征和空间结构特征及二者之间的相关性进行分析。【结果】1)在云冷杉红松林中,优势树种为红松Pinus koraiensis、白桦Betula platyphylla、红皮云杉Picea koraiensis、臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis等,紫椴Tilia amurensis的生态位宽度最宽,白桦的最窄。在阔叶红松林内,优势树种为红皮云杉、暴马丁香Syringa reticulata、枫桦Betula costata等,红皮云杉和暴马丁香的生态位宽度较宽;2)云冷杉红松林内优势树种的生态位重叠度低于阔叶红松林;3)云冷杉红松林内优势树种的相似性较为接近,变化范围为0.74~0.79,均值为0.76,但是阔叶红松林内生态位相似性结果差异性较大,毛赤杨Alnus sibirica-紫椴最高,为0.99,红皮云杉-春榆Ulmus davidiana最低,仅为0.64;4)云冷杉红松林内红松、白桦、红皮云杉、水曲柳Fraxinus mandschurica为衰退树种,其他树种为发展树种。阔叶红松林内除了紫椴以外全部为发展树种;5)通过对比阔叶红松林和云冷杉红松林的空间结构特征发现角尺度(W)、大小比数(U)、混交度(M)均相近,角尺度结果显示2种林型的点格局均为随机分布,大小比数等级均为中庸强度,其混交度均介于强度和中度之间;6)红松在云冷杉红松林内大小比数等级为优势,枫桦在阔叶红松林大小比数等级为优势,其他树种的大小比数等级多为中庸;7)混交度与大小比数具有显著的负相关关系,相关系数为0.522,混交度与生态位响应速率之间具有显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.572。生态位宽度和生态响应之间具有极显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.691。【结论】2种林型的空间和资源特征受到的影响因素不同,阔叶红松林为发展中的群落,主要受种群之间的竞争影响,�【Objective】In order to explore the resource and spatial distribution structure of Pinus koraiensis natural forest in the south of Xiaoxing’an Mountains.【Method】Based on the field survey data,this study analyzed the niche and spatial structure characteristics of broad-leaved P.koraiensis forest and Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-P.koraiensis and the correlation between them.【Result】1)In P.koraiensis-A.nephrolepis-P.koraiensis forest,the dominant tree species were P.koraiensis,Betula platyphylla,P.koraiensis,A.nephrolepis and so on.Tilia amurensis had the highest niche breadth and B.platyphylla had the lowest niche breadth.In broad-leaved P.koraiensis forest,the dominant tree species were P.koraiensis,Syringa reticulata,B.costata and so on.P.koraiensis and S.reticulata had higher niche breadth;2)In terms of niche overlap,the niche overlap of dominant tree species in P.koraiensis-A.nephrolepis-P.koraiensis forest was lower than that in broad-leaved P.koraiensis forest;3)In terms of niche similarity,the similarity of dominant tree species in P.koraiensis-A.nephrolepis-P.koraiensis forest was similar,with a range of 0.74-0.79,with an average of 0.76.but there was a great difference in niche similarity in broad-leaved P.koraiensis forest,with the highest position of Alnus sibirica-Tilia amurensis(0.99)and the lowest position of P.koraiensis-Ulmus davidiana(0.64);4)P.koraiensis,B.platyphylla,P.koraiensis and Fraxinus mandschurica were declining tree species in P.koraiensis-A.nephrolepis-P.koraiensis forest,while other tree species were development species.All the tree species except T.amurensis were developed in the broad-leaved P.koraiensis forest;5)By comparing the broad-leaved P.koraiensis forest and P.koraiensis-A.nephrolepis-P.koraiensis forest,we found that their angular scale(W),size ratio(U),mixing degree(M)were similar,angle scale results showed that the two kinds of forest point pattern were random distribution,the size ratios of them score were the middle strength grade,and the mixing degree

关 键 词：阔叶红松林 云冷杉红松林 生态位特征 空间结构特征 相关系数 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学]