末次冰盛期与全新世青藏高原松属植被分布及其演变  

Distribution and evolution of Pinus spp.vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene

作　　者：陈鸿明 侯光良 文德卓玛[1,2] 乔虹 高靖易 金孙梅 CHEN Hongming;HOU Guangliang;WENDE Zhuoma;QIAO Hong;GAO Jingyi;JIN Sunmei(College of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education),Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,People's Government of Qinghai Procince and Beijing Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai;Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Xining 810007,Qinghai)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学,青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]青海省人民政府-北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810008 [4]青海省文物考古研究所,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第5期1211-1224,共14页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42171165)。

摘　　要：史前人类与其生存环境,特别是与植被之间的相互作用一直是人们关注的焦点。气候变化与人类活动对植被覆盖格局的塑造均有重要影响,厘清植被分布及其植被变化背后的气候或人为因素,有助于更好地认识人类活动对植被环境的影响程度与范围。本研究对青藏高原松属(Pinus spp.)植被适生区分布动态历史进行了物种分布模型模拟,并结合环境考古学、古生态学等多学科方法,探究青藏高原松属植被分布变化历史及其驱动因素。结果表明,基于最大熵(MaxEnt)算法并结合R语言包ENMeval来优化参数设置的模型性能表现良好且稳健,较为准确模拟松属在青藏高原地区不同时期的适生区分布动态。高原上松属适生区在末次冰盛期(LGM)分布最小,仅在东缘的河谷局地;在全新世早、中期分布达到最大值,到全新世晚期部分区域分布缩小,高原东北部高度适生区向2500 m a.s.l.上下的低海拔谷地收缩,整体上与高原气候变化趋势大体一致。结合化石花粉、木炭等证据表明,全新世中晚期以前,人类对高原松属植被影响总体尚不显著;进入全新世晚期,农业技术的进步促使高原东北部人口快速增加,高原上现已发现的古遗址也高度集中在此。结合多项考古证据表明,人类对松属为代表的林木资源规模化开发行为开始显著干扰了当地植被,人类对松属等针叶林木材资源的利用可能是该地区树种向阔叶林树种演替的重要驱动因素之一。The interaction between prehistoric humans and the living environment,especially with vegetation,has always been the focus of attention.Pine is a critical constructive species of arbor vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau,and it is also the primary source of wood resources.Under the background of frequent climatic fluctuations in the Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene,the effect of significantly changed human activity intensity on the actual distribution of pine vegetation is still unclear.Clarifying the distribution of pine vegetation and the climate or human factors behind its changes will help better analyze vegetation's impact on future climate change or human activities.In this study,we first used the MaxEnt algorithm in the species distribution model to simulate the potential distribution range of Pinus spp.in the Tibetan Plateau(25°59'37″~39°49'33″N,73°29'56″~104°40'20″E)under the Last Glacial Maximum simulation scenarios and the Holocene climate period.We used 119 occurrences of Pinus spp.available on the Tibetan Plateau,combined with bioclimatic variables downloaded from the CHELSA and PaleoClim websites(select bio 10,bio 13,bio 15 and bio 19 with Spearman<0.7).The potential distribution areas of Pinus spp.in the current(1979~2013),the Last Glacial Maximum(about 21 ka B.P.),the Early Holocene(11.7~8.2 ka B.P.),the Middle Holocene(8.2~4.2 ka B.P.)and the Late Holocene(4.2~0.3 ka B.P.)climate scenarios of the Tibetan Plateau were simulated.Secondly,we also combined the reconstructed paleoclimate records,fossil pollen and archaeological evidence to study the history of pine vegetation distribution in the Tibetan Plateau and the climate and human activities behind it.The results showed that the model based on the MaxEnt algorithm combined with the R language package ENMeval to optimize the parameter settings performed well and robustly and could accurately simulate the native distribution dynamics of Pinus spp.in different periods of the Tibetan Plateau.The suitable distribution area of Pinus spp.o

关 键 词：松属 青藏高原 物种分布模型 全新世 末次冰盛期 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] Q914.5[天文地球—地质学]