区域视角下的二里头文化生业经济形态——基于河南省漯河地区碳、氮稳定同位素新证  

Subsistence economy of Erlitou Culture from regional perspective:Based on new evidences of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope from Luohe area,Henan Province

作　　者：李唯 刘晨 裴晓晨 林怡嫺 邓振华[3] 张敏[3] 梁法伟 杨颖亮[3] 潘岩[3] 张海[3] LI Wei;LIU Chen;PEI Xiaochen;LIN YiHsien;DENG Zhenhua;ZHANG Min;LIANG Fawei;YANG Yingliang;PAN Yan;ZHANG Hai(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;Luohe Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Luohe 462002,Henan;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450007,Henan)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海200433 [2]漯河市文物考古研究所,河南漯河462002 [3]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [4]河南省文物考古研究院,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第5期1444-1459,共16页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41971251)资助。

摘　　要：二里头文化主要分布于中原地区,距今约3750~3500年,大体相当于古史所载夏文化。二里头文化研究主要集中于环嵩山一带的核心区,对于外围区域的关注相对较少。为了完善二里头文化生业经济研究,本研究对河南省漯河市召陵沟李遗址(33°36′42.9″N, 114°9′45.5″E)和源汇皇寓遗址(33°31′28.7″N, 113°54′24.4″E)的51例人和动物骨胶原样本开展碳、氮稳定同位素分析,同时结合动、植物考古研究成果,归纳当地二里头文化生业经济形态的主要内涵,进而从外围区域的视角比较分析中原地区二里头文化生业经济的联系、区别和变化。研究表明,漯河地区二里头文化时期人的δ13C和δ15N均值为-8.4‰±2.0‰和9.2‰±0.4‰(n=4),猪的δ13C和δ15N均值为-7.5‰±1.3‰和7.3‰±0.7‰(n=14),狗的δ13C和δ15N均值为-8.9‰±1.7‰和7.7‰±1.0‰(n=4),黄牛的δ13C和δ15N均值为-9.8‰±1.9‰和6.0‰±1.4‰(n=8),绵羊的δ13C和δ15N均值为-11.2‰和5.6‰(n=2),山羊的δ13C和δ15N值为-15.0‰和6.0‰(n=1),大中型鹿的δ13C和δ15N均值为-16.9‰±3.3‰和5.5‰±1.9‰(n=7),小型鹿的δ13C和δ15N均值为-21.5‰±0.1‰和4.3‰±1.2‰(n=4)。综合同位素与动、植物考古分析结果,当时漯河地区自然植被基本为C3植物,先民主食亦即农业以C4作物粟为主、黍为辅,家畜中猪和狗主要喂以人类残食,黄牛、绵羊和山羊则喂以不同比重的C4植物,很可能来自粟黍的秸秆类副产品,并且黄牛基本为圈养,绵羊和新出现的山羊则采取圈养加放养的混合管理方式,另有部分大中型鹿可能也被人工喂养。比较而言,漯河地区和中原地区的生业经济形态整体相近;以粟为主的旱作农业普遍占绝对主导,目前仅在偃师二里头遗址中发现稻粟并重的农业结构,充分凸显出都邑聚落的特殊性;家畜除了猪、狗、黄牛、绵羊以及部分喂养的大中型鹿之外新增山羊,并且牛和羊�The Erlitou Culture was mainly distributed in the Central Plains of China approximately 3750~3500 years ago.Previous researches on the Erlitou Culture have vastly focused on its core area around the Mount Song in central Henan Province,but with relatively little attention paid to the peripheral areas.To improve our understanding of the complete Erlitou Culture,this research focuses on the subsistence economy in Gouli site(33°36'42.9″N,114°9'45.5″E)and Huangyu site(33°31'28.7″N,113°54'24.4″E)of Luohe City,Henan Province.Luohe City is located in the south-central part of Henan Province,as well the southern periphery in the Central Plains of China.The overall landform of this area is an alluvial plain,with the Funiu Mountains to the west and the flat Huang Huai River Plain to the rest.Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses were performed on 51 human and animal bone collagen samples collected from Gouli and Huangyu sites to obtain the local subsistence pattern,combining with other zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical analyses.In detail,the 51 human and animal samples included 4 humans(Homo sapiens),14 pigs(Sus),4 dogs(Canis),8 cattle(Bos),1 goat(Capra),2 sheep(Ovis),2 large sized deer(possibly Elaphurus),5 medium sized deer(possibly Cervus),4 small sized deer(possibly Hydropotes),3 tortoises(Testudinata),2 yellow-head catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),1 snakehead fish(Channa argus)and 1 bird(Aves).The results of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses show that meanδ13C andδ15N values of humans are-8.4‰±2.0‰and 9.2‰±0.4‰(n=4),meanδ13C andδ15N values of pigs are-7.5‰±1.3‰and 7.3‰±0.7‰(n=14),meanδ13C andδ15N values of dogs are-8.9‰±1.7‰and 7.7‰±1.0‰(n=4),meanδ13C andδ15N values of cattle are-9.8‰±1.9‰and 6.0‰±1.4‰(n=8),meanδ13C andδ15N values of sheep are-11.2‰and 5.6‰(n=2),δ13C andδ15N values of goat are-15.0‰and 6.0‰(n=1),meanδ13C andδ15N values of large or medium sized deer are-16.9‰±3.3‰and 5.5‰±1.9‰(n=7),meanδ13C and

关 键 词：漯河地区 二里头文化 碳、氮稳定同位素 生业经济 规范化 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P597.2[历史地理—历史学]