稳定同位素生物考古学的学科规范、认知误区和分析模型  

Research regulations,cognitive mistakes and analytical models in stable isotope bioarchaeology

作　　者：胡耀武 HU Yaowu(Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学科技考古研究院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海200433

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第5期1503-1512,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：科技部重点研发计划项目(批准号:2022YFF0903500);科技部重点研发计划项目(批准号:2020YFC1521606)共同资助;宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(批准号:2020BFG02008);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42172007)。

摘　　要：自20世纪70年代以来,稳定同位素生物考古学在科技考古研究中的重要性越发凸显。21世纪初以降,本学科的发展进入“快车道”,吸引了大量的自然科学学者和考古学者涉足其中。然而,学科的快速发展不可避免地暴露出与稳定同位素分析密切相关的一些重要问题,如学科规范有所欠缺、一些认知误区仍然存在等。近些年来,国际学界业已开始关注这些问题并提出了相应的对策或建议。本研究拟在笔者之前反思的基础上,基于近些年以来的研究实践和思考,结合国际学界在此方面的认知,详细阐述了稳定同位素生物考古的学科规范(包括同位素的术语规范、同位素的测试规范、成岩作用的检验规范),重点聚焦和澄清同位素生物考古研究的8个认知误区。最后,首次构建了科学诠释同位素数据的分析模型。本项工作对于规范稳定同位素生物考古学的学科建设、聚焦重要科学问题或考古学问题具有重要意义。Since 1970's,the importance of isotope analysis in archaeological sciences has become more and more highlighted.In 2021,the author put forward a new term,stable isotope bioarchaeology,to treat it as an independent discipline,one of necessary components in bioarchaeology.This discipline has developed so quickly that it makes a number of isotope scientists and archaeologists dived into deeply.However,several critical problems related to isotope analysis has arisen given the fast development and its transdisciplinary essence,such as the lack of formal disciplinary practices and the existence of cognitive mistakes in the publications.In recent years,these questions have been paid much attention to by several international scholars,who have been put forward some solutions and requirements from own perspectives.In China,although the author did the reflective thoughts on how to go next in 2017,no actual practices have been made so far.In this paper,the author tried to systematically illustrate his thoughts on research regulations,cognitive mistakes and analytical models in stable isotope bioarchaeology,based on his own research practices for more than 20 years and the suggestions from international scholars.Firstly,the adherence to the research regulations inside the discipline is critical for us before undertaking the studies related to isotope bioarchaeology.Here,the regulations on isotope terminology,isotope measurements and testing diagenesis were introduced,which will lay the theoretical and practical foundation for us before taking the research.Secondly,eight categories of cognitive mistakes have been identified and clarified to prevent us from treating the isotopic data in wrong way.They include:(1)The expression on isotopic data;(2)The meaning of carbon isotope values in bone collagen;(3)The isotopic data attached to AMS-14C dating;(4)The isotopic(C,O)data in hydroxyapatite carbonate in bones;(5)The isotope fractionation factors from diets to bones in animals or humans;(6)The usage of isotope baseline and isotop

关 键 词：稳定同位素生物考古学 学科规范 认知误区 分析模型 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P597.2[历史地理—历史学]