兰州市耕地养分综合评价及其影响因素研究  

Soil Nutrient Comprehensive Evaluation of Cultivated Land and Influencing Factors in Lanzhou

作　　者：张妍娥 杨鹏 马延龙 康乐 张利瑞 王泉灵 张松林[1] ZHANG Yan-e;YANG Peng;MA Yan-long;KANG Le;ZHANG Li-rui;WANG Quan-ling;ZHANG Song-lin(School of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;The Third Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质矿产勘查开发研究院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第5期1023-1031,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51068025);甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室资助。

摘　　要：【目的】综合评估兰州市耕地土壤养分水平,摸清其分布特征,探明其影响因素,进而提出施肥建议。【方法】采集了兰州市五个县区618份耕地土样,测定其有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效磷含量以及土壤pH值,采用主成分分析法对其土壤养分进行综合评价,以地理加权回归模型(GWR)分析土壤养分综合水平的影响因素。【结果】(1)研究区耕地土壤偏碱性,有机质和全氮含量普遍偏低,速效钾含量较丰富,有效磷含量高低不均。(2)研究区耕地土壤养分综合水平以低等级为主,占研究区耕地总面积的50.46%,其次是中等和极低等级,分别占耕地总面积的29.61%和19.30%,高等级地极少,仅占比0.63%。养分综合水平主要限制因素为有机质和全氮含量。(3)研究区耕地土壤养分综合水平偏低且受海拔高度和年均气温因素的影响程度较大。【结论】研究区耕地土壤养分分布不均且综合养分水平偏低,综合养分水平主要受海拔高度和年均气温因素的影响,建议根据土壤营养元素丰缺、综合养分水平和作物生长需求平衡施肥。[Objective]The aims were to comprehensively evaluate the soil nutrients'levels of the cultivated land in Lanzhou city,to find out their distribution characteristics and influence factors,and then to propose reasonable fertilization suggestions.[Method]In this study,618 cultivated soil samples were collected from five counties of Lanzhou,and the soil organic matter,total nitrogen,rapidly available potassium,available phosphorus contents and pH value were determined.Principal component analysis was used to evaluate soil nutrients comprehensively,and the influence factors of soil nutrient comprehensive level were analyzed by geographically weighted regression model(GWR).[Result](1)The cultivated soil in the research area was alkaline,the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen were generally low,the rapidly available potassium contents were rich,and the available phosphorus contents were uneven.(2)The soil comprehensive nutrients in the research area were mainly of low-level,accounting for50.46%of the total cultivated area in the research area,medium and extremely low grades were next,accounting for29.61%and 19.30%of the total cultivated area,and the higher level land rarely accounted for only 0.63%.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were the main limiting factors for the comprehensive level of soil nutrients in cultivated land.(3)The comprehensive level of soil nutrients of cultivated land in the study area was relatively low and greatly affected by altitude and annual average temperature.[Conclusion]In the research area,the cultivated land soil nutrients distribution is uneven,and the comprehensive level of nutrients is low.The comprehensive nutrient level is mainly affected by altitude and the average annual temperature factors.It is suggested to balance fertilization according to the soil comprehensive nutrient levels,nutrient abundance and crop growth requirements.

关 键 词：土壤养分 主成分分析 空间分布 地理加权回归模型 兰州 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]