散水介质滴灌龟裂碱土水盐运移规律  

Experiment Study on Water and Salt Movement in Takyric Solonetz under Drip Irrigation with Soil-water-redistribution Medium

作　　者：黄鹏飞 康跃虎[2,3] 万书勤 李晓彬[4] 黄艳丽 刘春成 HUANG Peng-fei;KANG Yao-hu;WAN Shu-qin;LI Xiao-Bin;HUANG Yan-li;LIU Chun-cheng(Institute of Farmland and Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land surface Process,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Xinxiang University,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453004 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [5]新乡学院土木工程与建筑学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第5期1041-1049,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(FIRI2022-14);中国科学院前沿研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC028);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501304,2016YFC0501305);河南省科技攻关项目(2022102320104)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探究散水介质滴灌条件下龟裂碱土水盐运移规律。【方法】室内设置土柱试验研究散水介质滴灌条件下龟裂碱土水分、电导率和pH的变化规律。【结果】一维垂直入渗条件下散水介质滴灌较定水头入渗水分扩散速率更快,稳定入渗阶段散水介质滴灌垂直湿润峰扩散速率提高了50.3%,两种灌溉方式水盐分布规律基本一致。二维条件下垂直方向湿润峰扩散速率高于水平方向,水分再分布过程中以散水介质和龟裂碱土界面处碱土表层土壤为中心向外扩散;散水介质水平距离10 cm时,相邻灌水器形成的湿润体在96 h逐渐搭接整体向外淋洗盐分;电导率<2 dS m^(-1)的脱盐区pH<9,电导率介于2~4 dS m^(-1)的脱盐区土壤pH值较原土逐渐降低,脱盐区边缘电导率介于4~10 dS m^(-1),pH值显著高于原土,积盐区边缘pH值较原土略下降。【结论】散水介质滴灌能够显著增加龟裂碱土的水分入渗速率,并在灌水器下方快速形成脱盐区,脱盐初期土壤碱化现象明显且与脱盐程度密切相关,生产实践中应采取相应的措施避免pH值过高影响植物生长。[Objective]The paper aimed to investigate the water and salt movement of takyric solonetz under drip irrigation with soil-water-redistribution medium(RM).[Method]Column leaching tests were set up in the laboratory to study the changing of soil moisture content,electrical conductivity(EC)and pH of takyric solonetz under drip irrigation with RM.[Result]In one dimensional vertical infiltration,the diffusion rate of water in drip irrigation with RM was faster than that in constant head infiltration.And the diffusion rate of vertical wetting front increased 50.3%under drip irrigation with RM in steady infiltration stage.The water and salt movement in vertical direction were almost same for both of the irrigation methods.In two dimensional infiltration,the diffusion rate of wetting front in vertical direction was higher than that in horizontal direction.The top layer of takyric solonetz at the interface of RM to soil became the center of soil water redistribution.The wetting areas of adjacent emitters overlapped in 96 hours and leaching outward as one.The desalting zone with EC 2 dS m^(-1)has pH 9.If the EC of desalting area increasing from 2 to 4 dS m^(-1),the corresponding pH get close gradually to the value of uncultivated soil.At the edge of desalting zone,the EC was in the range of 4-10 dS m^(-1)and the pH was significant higher than the value of uncultivated soil.While the pH decreased slightly in the margin of salt deposit zone.[Conclusion]Drip irrigation with RM enhanced the infiltration in takyric solonetz significantly and formed desalting zone quickly.While the pH increased significantly at the initial stage of desalination and close related to the value of electrical conductivity.Corresponding measures should be taken in production practice to avoid the influence of high pH on plant growth.

关 键 词：盐碱地改良 龟裂碱土 滴灌 散水介质 水盐运移 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]