施入生物炭对热带农田土壤团聚体组成及碳氮含量的影响  

Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Aggregate Composition and Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Tropical Farmland

作　　者：李晨 陈明婉 金鑫[1] 袁赫奕 兰超杰 李长江 李昌珍 LI Chen;CHEN Ming-wan;JIN Xin;YUAN He-yi;LAN Chao-jie;LI Chang-jiang;LI Chang-zhen(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,china)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第5期1071-1079,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC566);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(32160307,31860130)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】利用田间试验,从土壤团聚体角度入手,着力探究不同生物炭施入量对热带农田的改良效果,以提高土壤质量。【方法】试验采用花生壳生物炭,施入量分别为10 t hm^(-2)(P10)、20 t hm^(-2)(P20)、40 t hm^(-2)(P40)和60 t hm^(-2)(P60),以不施入生物炭(CK)为对照,共计5个处理。在施入生物炭一年后,取0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土壤测其团聚体组成和土壤有机碳、全氮含量。【结果】生物炭施入显著增加了10~20 cm土层2~1 mm和20~30 cm土层<0.25 mm粒径团聚体含量,同时,显著增加了10~20 cm土层团聚体稳定性;生物炭施入使原土和各粒径团聚体有机碳和全氮含量有不同程度提升,在P40和P60处理下提升效果最明显;生物炭施入增加了10~20 cm土层2~1 mm粒径团聚体有机碳和全氮贡献率;P60处理增加了0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层几乎所有粒径团聚体和原土C/N;生物炭施入量、土层深度及其交互作用对土壤团聚体稳定性、团聚体组成、团聚体有机碳和全氮含量有显著影响。【结论】施入生物炭可显著提高10~20 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性,施入40 t hm^(-2)和60 t hm^(-2)生物炭时对土壤团聚体有机碳和全氮含量提升效果最明显。因此施入40 t hm^(-2)以上生物炭时可以有效改良热带农田土壤,提高土壤质量。[Objective]Field experiment was used to explore the improvement effect of different biochar application amounts on tropical farmland to improve soil quality from the perspective of soil aggregates.[Methods]Peanut shell biochar was used in the experiment,and the application amounts were 10 t hm^(-2)(P10),20 t hm^(-2)(P20),40 t hm^(-2)(P40)and 60 t hm^(-2)(P60),with no biochar(CK)as the control.One year after biochar application,soil aggregates and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were measured in 0-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soils.[Results]Biochar application significantly increased the aggregate content of 2-1 mm in 10-20 cm soil layer and 0.25 mm in 20-30 cm soil layer,and significantly increased the aggregate stability in 10-20 cm soil layer.Biochar application increased the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen in raw soil and aggregates with different particle sizes,and the effectiveness were most obvious in P40 and P60 treatments.Biochar application increased the contribution rates of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil layer of 10-20 cm and 2-1 mm grain size aggregates.P60 treatment increased the C/N of aggregates and primary soil in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers.The amount of biochar application,soil depth and their interactions had significant effects on soil aggregate stability,aggregate composition,and aggregate organic carbon and total nitrogen contents.[Conclusion]In this experimental design,the application of20 t hm^(-2)and 60 t hm^(-2)biochar could significantly improve the stability of soil aggregates,and the application rates of40 t hm^(-2)and 60 t hm^(-2)biochar had the most obvious effect on the improvement of soil aggregate organic carbon and total nitrogen contents.In this study,the application of biochar above 40 t hm^(-2)can effectively improve tropical farmland soil and improve soil quality.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤团聚体 有机碳 全氮 热带农田 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]