不同种类秸秆还田对单季稻田CH_(4)排放和功能微生物丰度的影响  

Effects of Different Types of Straw Application on CH4 Emissions and Functional Microbial Quantities in Single-cropping Paddy Fields

作　　者：黄茜 赵梦颖 纪红梅 徐永记 纪洋 冯彦房[4] HUANG Xi;ZHAO Meng-ying;JI Hong-mei;XU Yong-ji;JI Yang;FENG Yan-fang(Collage of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Collage of Changwang,Nanjing University of Information Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Lingcheng District,Dezhou City,Shandong Province,Dezhou 253500,China;Key Laboratory of Argo-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学长望学院,江苏南京210044 [3]山东省德州市陵城区农业技术推广中心,山东德州253500 [4]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第5期1107-1116,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077043);江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)项目(BK20191400)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明稻田土壤CH_(4)排放及其相关功能微生物对不同种类秸秆施用的响应机制,为稻田生态系统CH_(4)排放预估和减排措施的选择提供理论依据。【方法】以太湖地区典型单季稻田的原柱状土为研究对象,通过设置温室栽培试验,同步监测水稻秸秆(RS)、小麦秸秆(WS)、玉米秸秆(MS)施用模式下水稻各生长期CH_(4)排放通量、水稻产量、土壤微生物量碳氮含量等因子,定量化研究CH_(4)排放相关菌群及功能基因的群落丰度。【结果】与对照相比,RS、WS和MS处理下水稻生长期CH_(4)排放量分别增加289.65%、263.30%和344.43%,单位水稻产量CH_(4)排放量分别增加210.40%、182.35%和282.80%。水稻生育期中,土壤产CH_(4)菌(mcrA)群落丰度呈现上升趋势而CH_(4)氧化菌(pmoA)呈先上升后下降趋势。与对照相比,拔节期RS处理显著增加细菌16S rRNA和pmoA基因拷贝数,成熟期WS处理显著增加mcrA拷贝数,而MS处理对上述基因拷贝数均无显著影响。【结论】相关分析和结构方程模型表明,细菌丰度、产CH_(4)菌丰度、CH_(4)氧化菌丰度和微生物碳氮比(MBC/MBN)是直接影响稻田土壤CH_(4)排放的主要因素。[Objective]The response mechanism of CH_(4)emissions and related functional microorganisms in paddy fields to different types of straw were clarified,which will provide a theoretical basis for CH_(4)emission prediction and mitigation in paddy soils.[Method]A typical single-season paddy soil in Taihu Lake area was used as the research object,and the greenhouse cultivation experiment was set up to simultaneously monitor the CH_(4)emission flux,rice yield,soil organic carbon,soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and other factors under different straw application treatments(rice straw,RS;wheat straw,WS;maize straw,MS).The above factors were coupled with the microbial processes of CH_(4)generation and oxidation,in which the community abundances of CH_(4)emission-related microbes were quantitatively by molecular biology technology.Then the microbial response mechanism of CH_(4)emissions to different types of straw application was elucidated.[Results]The results showed that CH_(4)emissions during rice growing period were significantly increased by 289.65%,263.30%and344.43%by RS,MS and WS treatments,respectively,and CH_(4)emissions per unit yield increased by 210.40%,182.35%and 282.80%,respectively.The seasonal dynamics of soil methanogenes(mcrA)abundance showed an upward trend along the rice growth,while the methanotrophs(pmoA)showed an upward and then downward trend.The RS treatment significantly increased the copy numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA and pmoA genes at the rice jointing stage,and the WS treatment significantly increased the copy number of mcrA gene during the mature stage,but the MS treatment had no significant effect on the above copy numbers.[Conclusion]Correlation analysis and structural equation models showed that the abundances of bacterial,methanogens and methanotrophs,and microbial carbonnitrogen ratio(MBC/MBN)were the main factors directly affecting CH_(4)emission from paddy fields.

关 键 词：秸秆种类 CH_(4)排放 土壤微生物 结构方程模型 稻田 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]