施硅对镉胁迫下生育前期水稻生长及其植株体内抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Effects of Silicon Application on Growth and Antioxidant System of Rice in the Pre-fertility Period under Cadmium Stress

作　　者：田露丹 樊文华[1] 刘奋武[1] 于敏敏 王改玲[1] 孟庆慧 TIAN Lu-dan;FAN Wen-hua;LIU Fen-wu;YU Min-min;WANG Gai-ling;MENG Qing-hui(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第5期1176-1185,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点联合基金项目(U1710255-4);山西农业大学学术恢复科研专项(2020xshf20);山西坤润现代农业发展公司资助项目资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探究在北方水稻土中施硅对镉胁迫下水稻生长、光合特性以及抗氧化系统的影响,为进一步应用硅缓解水稻镉毒害提供理论依据。【方法】通过盆栽试验方法,研究在不同浓度镉添加水平(0、1、3、5 mg kg^(-1))下,施加不同浓度的硅(0、100、300、500 mg kg^(-1))对生育前期(至分蘖期)水稻生长、叶片光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响。【结果】不同浓度镉胁迫均显著降低了水稻株高、根长和生物量(地上部和根部鲜重),增加了水稻茎叶中镉含量,降低了水稻叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、胞间CO_(2)和蒸腾速率。施镉量为3和5 mg kg^(-1)时,水稻叶片气孔导度显著下降。镉胁迫下,施硅增加了水稻叶片叶绿素含量,降低了水稻茎叶中镉含量,改善了水稻叶片光合特性;水稻的株高、根长和生物量也随着硅的施入而得到提高。对于抗氧化系统来说,与空白对照(Si0Cd0)相比,施镉量为3和5 mg kg^(-1)时,水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著降低、降幅达16.9%、26.3%和9.3%、15.7%,而过氧化物酶活性显著提高、提高幅度为51.1%和66.6%;镉胁迫使水稻叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量显著增加。与不施硅相比,在不同浓度镉胁迫下,施加100、300 mg kg^(-1)的硅使水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高、升高幅度达20.4%~58.9%、25.3%~72.5%和5.8%~11.9%、22.7%~25.4%,过氧化物酶活性显著降低、降幅达21.2%~43.0%和31.8%~50.8%;同时,施加300和500 mg kg^(-1)硅使水稻叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均显著降低。【结论】不同硅添加量对镉胁迫下生育前期水稻生长、叶片叶绿素含量及其光合特性、抗氧化系统的改善作用明显,且以添加300 mg kg^(-1)硅处理的效果最好。[Objective]The aims were to explore the effects of Silicon(Si)application on growth,photosynthesis and antioxidant system of rice under Cadmium(Cd)stress in northern paddy soil,so as to provide a theoretical basis for further application of Si to alleviate Cd toxicity in rice.[Method]Under different Cd addition levels(0,1,3 and 5mg kg^(-1)),the effects of different Si concentrations(0,100,300 and 500 mg kg^(-1))on rice growth,leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant system in the pre-fertility period(to tillering stage)were studied by using the pot experiment.[Result]The rice plant height,root length and biomass(aboveground and root fresh weight),chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),intercellular CO_(2)(Ci)and transpiration rate(Tr)in rice leaves were decreased significantly under different Cd concentrations,and the Cd content in rice shoot was increased.When the amounts of Cd applied were 3 and 5 mg kg^(-1),stomatal conductance(Gs)decreased significantly in rice leaves.Under Cd stress,Si application increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves,decreased Cd content in rice shoot.The plant height,root length and biomass of rice were also increased with the application of Si.For the antioxidant system,compared with the blank control(Si0Cd0),when 3 and 5 mg kg^(-1)Cd was applied,SOD and CAT activities were significantly decreased by 16.9%,26.3%and 9.3%,15.7%,while POD activities were significantly increased by51.1%and 66.6%.MDA and Pro contents significantly increased in rice leaves under Cd stress.Compared with no Si application,under different concentrations of Cd stress,the SOD and CAT activities of rice leaves were significantly increased by 20.4%-58.9%,25.3%-72.5%and 5.8%-11.9%,22.7%-25.4%in 100 and 300 mg kg^(-1)Si treatment respectively.POD activities decreased significantly by 21.2%-43.0%and 31.8%-50.8%.At the same time,300 and500 mg kg^(-1)Si significantly reduced MDA and Pro contents in rice leaves.[Conclusion]different supplemental levels of Si had appreciably impr

关 键 词：硅 镉 水稻生长 光合特性 抗氧化系统 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]