居住小区室外活动空间微气候差异及其适宜性等级划分  

Microclimate Difference of Outdoor Activity Space in Residential Quarter and Division of Its Suitability Grade

作　　者：姜之点 杨峰[1] 陈虹屹 JIANG Zhidian;YANG Feng;CHEN Hongyi

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]金科地产集团股份有限公司

出　　处：《住宅科技》2023年第11期47-54,共8页Housing Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“长三角高密度城区垂直绿化系统(VGS)空间绩效图谱研究”(编号:52178022);同济大学横向科研项目“环境元素分析研究及最优设计系统研发——风光模拟研究设计”(编号:kh0010020201429)。

摘　　要：基于城市矢量数据,建立3个理想化典型居住小区模型,并划分6类室外活动空间;借助ENVI-met和RayMan模型,开展室外微气候和不同人群舒适度的定量评价;进而叠加夏冬两季热感觉等级累积时长,确定室外空间适宜性类型。结果表明:高开发强度小区近地面空间平均温度更低、风速更大、室外活动空间环境平均差异更小;人体热感觉变化主要受辐射环境作用,昼夜差异显著,通常老幼群体较普通成年人对室外环境变化更敏感,尤其是在建筑阴影下和风速更大的建筑与入流风场方向相切处,但热感觉等级基本一致。研究结果有助于加深对不同室外活动空间微气候和舒适度差异的理解,并可直观引导室外空间规划设计和活动设施空间落位。Based on city vector data,three ideal typical residential quarter models are established,and six categories of outdoor activity spaces are divided;by the aid of ENVI-met and RayMan model software,quantitative evaluation of outdoor microclimate and comfort of different crowds is developed;cumulative duration of thermal sensation level in both summer and winter are further added,so as to determine the suitability type of outdoor space.It is shown by result:in the near ground space in the residential quarter with high development intensity,the average temperature is lower,the wind speed is greater and the average difference of outdoor activity space environment is smaller;change of human thermal sensation is mainly affected by radiation environment effect,the difference between day and night is significant,young and old groups are usually more sensitive to change in outdoor environment than ordinary adults,especially at the place under building shadow,the building where wind field change is faster and inflow wind field directions are tangential to each other,but their thermal sensation levels are basically identical.The research result is helpful for deepening the understanding to the quantitative difference in microclimate and comfort in different outdoor activity spaces,and it can be intuitive guidance to the planning and design of outdoor space as well as the space location of activity facilities.

关 键 词：室外活动空间 微气候差异 生理等效温度 人群差异 适宜性等级 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU119