CRISPR/Cas12a基因组编辑技术及应用  

Characteristics and Application of CRISPR/Cas12a Genome Editing Technology

作　　者：包心茹 陈卯森 钟洁 祁峰 BAO Xin-ru;CHEN Mao-sen;ZHONG Jie;QI Feng(National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Industrial Microbial Fermentation Technology,College of Life Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院工业微生物发酵技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,福州350117 [2]福建师范大学细胞逆境响应与代谢调控福建省高校重点实验室,福州350108

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2023年第10期32-42,共11页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32272287);国家现代农业(糖料)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-170501)资助项目。

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated proteins)系统来源于细菌和古细菌的适应性免疫系统,是近年来被广泛应用于基因组编辑的一项新兴技术。目前,CRISPR系统已被大量挖掘,其中Ⅱ类CRISPR/Cas9作为基因组编辑工具已被广泛应用于微生物、植物和动物。除了CRISPR/Cas9,同属于Ⅱ类的CRISPR/Cas12a技术由于具有独特的优势,受到越来越多的关注。介绍CRISPR/Cas12a的特点、与CRISPR/Cas9作用机制的差异、CRISPR/Cas12a基因组编辑技术的开发及其在合成生物学和医学研究中的应用,为CRISPR/Cas12a基因组编辑技术的发展和应用提供参考。The CRISPR/Cas system(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated proteins)has been developed as a new technique widely used in gene editing in recent years.It is derived from the adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea.At present,the CRISPR system has been extensively explored,among which Class II CRISPR/Cas9 is used as an effective gene editing tool in microorganisms,plants and animal cells.Compared to typical CRISPR/Cas9,CRISPR/Cas12a,which belongs to Class II technology,has also been investigated and developed and has been receiving increasing attention due to its unique advantages.This review aims to introduce the characteristics of CRISPR/Cas12a,its differences from CRISPR/Cas9 in the biological mechanisms,as well as its application in synthetic biology and medicine so as to provide reference for the further development and application of CRISPR/Cas12a gene editing technology.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas12a 基因组编辑 转录调控 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]