真菌中苦马豆素生物合成途径及相关基因研究进展  

Advances in Research on Swainsonine Biosynthesis Pathway and Related Genes in Fungi

作　　者：杨帆 卢萍[1] YANG Fan;LU Ping(College of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2023年第10期109-119,共11页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960130);内蒙古自然科学基金(2022MS03014)资助项目。

摘　　要：苦马豆素(swainsonine,SW)是由真菌合成的一类吲哚里西啶类生物碱,可以引起哺乳动物疯草病,同时也是一种具有潜力的抗癌药物。SW在不同真菌中的合成途径各不相同,主要通过多基因调控的次生代谢途径产生。早期研究发现酵母氨酸还原酶基因sac可促进真菌合成SW,疯草内生真菌中的吡咯啉-5-羧酸还原酶(pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase,P5CR)可催化合成哌啶酸,哌啶酸是合成SW的底物,真菌中的SWN基因簇各基因所编码的酶催化从哌啶酸到SW的各步反应。综述豆类丝核菌(Rhizoctonia leguminicola)、罗伯茨绿僵菌(Metarhizium robertsii)及疯草内生真菌中的SW合成途径及相关基因的研究进展,为深入揭示真菌SW的生物合成途径与调控机制提供重要参考,同时对未来疯草SW的控制和利用也具有一定重要意义。The indolizidine alkaloid swinsonine(SW),which is produced by fungi,induces severe locoweed diseases in mammals.SW is a potential anti-cancer medication.Different fungi have various swainsonine synthesis pathways.A number of genes regulate the secondary metabolism of SW synthesis pathways.Early research revealed that the sac gene can promote the level of SW produced.Subsequently,P5CR(pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase),a catalytic enzyme for the synthesis of pipecolic acid,has been found in endophytic fungi of locoweed.Later,the SWN gene cluster is proposed and the enzymes that each gene in the SWN gene cluster encodes for are mainly responsible for catalyzing the reactions that transform pipecolic acid to SW.In this paper,the research on the SW synthetic pathways of Rhizoctonia leguminicola,Metarhizium robertsii,and endophytic fungi of locoweed is reviewed.

关 键 词：内生真菌 苦马豆素 次生代谢 SWN基因簇 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]