某高强度合金钢螺栓氢脆断裂失效分析及预防措施  

Failure Analysis and Preventive Measures for Hydrogen Embrittlement Fracture of A High-strength Alloy Steel Bolt

作　　者：张军 周斌 Zhang Jun;Zhou Bin

机构地区：[1]海军装备部,陕西西安710000 [2]航天科工集团第六研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《大型铸锻件》2023年第6期55-58,60,共5页Heavy Casting and Forging

摘　　要：某高强度合金钢螺栓在使用存放期间发生断裂,为找出其断裂原因,根据螺栓生产过程和使用环节开展分析研究。经过分析排查,发生断裂失效的螺栓内部氢含量高于同时段生产的其它螺栓,螺栓断口形貌经过电镜扫描分析在断裂源位置存在沿晶断裂特征形貌,表明该螺栓失效模式为氢脆断裂。进一步研究发现,产生螺栓氢脆的原因为螺栓电镀时使用的电镀槽液镀覆产品过多,槽液中杂质含量偏高,导致渗氢量增加并在螺栓内部积聚,在螺栓装配预紧力形成的持续静载荷作用下,发生延迟断裂。为预防此类螺栓失效的再次发生,针对其原因制定了控制电镀槽液质量和优化螺栓除氢工艺的预防措施。A high-strength alloy steel bolt was fractured during use and storage.In order to identify the cause of the fracture,analysis and research were conducted based on the bolt production process and usage process.After analysis and investigation,it was found that the hydrogen content inside the bolt with fracture failure was higher than that of other bolts produced during the same period of time.The fracture morphology of the bolt was characterized with intergranular fracture at the fracture source position after analysis by scanning electron microscope,indicating that the failure mode of the bolt was hydrogen embrittlement fracture.Further study has been made,and it was found that the reason for hydrogen embrittlement in the bolt is due to the excessive plating and coating products used in the electroplating bath for bolt electroplating,resulting in a high content of impurities in the bath solution,which increases the amount of hydrogen permeation and accumulates inside the bolt.Delayed fracture occurs with the continuous static load formed by the pre tightening force during assembly of the bolt.In order to prevent the recurrence of such failures of bolt,preventive measures have been worked out to control the quality of electroplating bath solution and optimize the dehydrogenation process of bolts.

关 键 词：高强合金 螺栓紧固件 氢脆 延迟断裂 电镀 镀覆面积 

分 类 号：TG11[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]