有色冶炼废酸中和渣的综合处置现状  

Comprehensive disposal status of waste acid neutralization sludge in nonferrous smelting

作　　者：阮博文 焦芬[1] 覃文庆[1] 潘祖超 RUAN Bowen;JIAO Fen;QIN Wenqing;PAN Zuchao(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第10期3808-3818,共11页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909203);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874356)。

摘　　要：有色冶炼废酸中和渣是一种含有砷、铅、锌、镉等有毒元素的工业固体废弃物,同时也是具有较高潜在利用价值的固废资源,目前正面临产量大、污染重、利用率低等问题。本文首先简要介绍废酸中和渣的来源及化学成分;其次,重点阐述该渣在无害化处置、有价金属回收以及协同熔炼方面的国内外最新研究进展,结合实例对具体工艺的基本原理、优缺点和适用范围进行归纳总结和对比分析,探讨其应用中存在的问题,并给出建议;最后,对有色冶炼废酸中和渣的利用方向和利用途径提出展望,指出火法-湿法联合回收工艺以及协同熔炼工艺是未来的重点发展方向。Nonferrous smelting waste acid neutralization sludge is a kind of industrial solid waste containing arsenic,lead,zinc,cadmium and other toxic elements,but also has a high utilization value of solid waste resources.The waste acid neutralization sludge is currently facing large output,heavy pollution,low utilization rate and other urgent problems.Firstly,the sources and chemical composition of the waste acid neutralization sludge were briefly introduced in this paper.Then,the latest research progress at home and abroad in harmless disposal,valuable metal recovery and co-smelting were also highlighted in this study.The basic principles,advantages,disadvantages and applicability of specific processes were summarized and compared with that of examples,and the problems in application were discussed and suggestions were given.Finally,the future utilization direction and way of nonferrous smelting waste acid neutralization slag were proposed,and pyrometallurgical wet synergistic treatment and collaborative melting process were considered to be the key development directions in the future.

关 键 词：有色冶炼 废酸中和渣 无害化处置 资源化利用 

分 类 号：TF09[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]