广西氮高效高产优质常规稻品种选育策略与实践  

Breeding Strategy and Practice of Conventional Rice with High Nitrogen Efficiency,High Yield and High Quality in Guangxi

作　　者：刘广林[1] 李虎[1] 吴子帅 罗群昌[1] 朱其南 陈传华[1] LIU Guanglin;LI Hu;WU Zishuai;LUO Qunchang;ZHU Qinan;CHEN Chuanhua(Rice Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第6期79-82,86,共5页China Rice

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB 21238007);国家现代农业产业体系广西创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-01-03);广西科技重大专项课题(桂科AA 22068087-6);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(桂农科2021 YT 029)。

摘　　要：针对广西21世纪初主栽优质常规稻品种普遍表现植株相对矮小而生物学产量偏低、穗型中小而每穗粒数偏少、粒型细短而千粒重偏轻从而导致产量偏低的问题及氮肥减施增效的生产需求,提出以重塑株型、穗型、粒型为核心,优化亲本选配、正常水肥和低氮条件下进行交替轮回选育,从而实现氮素利用、产量、品质高度协调统一的氮高效高产优质常规稻品种选育策略。利用该策略已育成桂育9号等多个氮高效高产优质常规稻品种,以桂育9号等品种为核心的成果于2022年获广西科学技术奖科技进步二等奖。下一步将加强分子标记辅助选择技术在氮高效性状选择中的应用以及在氮高效、高产、优质的基础上加强抗病虫性、香气、耐旱性育种研究。At the beginning of the 21st century,the main high-quality conventional rice varieties in Guangxi generally showed the problems of relatively short plants with low biological yield,small and medium panicle type with fewer grains per panicle,thin and short grain type with lighter thousand grain weight,which led to low yield.The nitrogen fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase demanded in rice production.In view of the above situation,we proposed a breeding strategy of conventional rice with high nitrogen efficiency,high yield and high quality,focused on reshaping plant type,panicle type and grain type,optimizing parent selection,alternating recurrent breeding under normal water and fertilizer and low nitrogen conditions,so as to realize the high coordination and unity of nitrogen utilization,yield and quality.Using this strategy,we bred some conventional rice varieties such as Guiyu 9 with high nitrogen efficiency,high yield and high quality.The achievements of Guiyu 9 and other varieties as the core were awarded the second prize of Guangxi Science and Technology Progress Award in 2022.In the next step,we will strengthen the application of molecular marker-assisted selection technology in the selection of nitrogen-efficient traits,and strengthen the breeding research of disease resistance,insect resistance,aroma and drought tolerance on the basis of high nitrogen efficiency,high yield and high quality.

关 键 词：常规稻 氮高效 高产 优质 育种策略 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]