两种不同血流限制训练对军校学员上肢肌肉即时效应的影响  

Immediate efficacy of 2 types of blood flow restriction training on upper limb muscles in military cadets

作　　者：王越 杨亚萌 常乐 唐康来 李殿威 郑丽 WANG Yue;YANG Yameng;CHANG Le;TANG Kanglai;LI Dianwei;ZHENG Li(College of Physical Education and Health,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331;Sports Medical Center,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,400038,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学体育与健康科学学院,重庆501331 [2]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院运动医学中心,重庆400038

出　　处：《陆军军医大学学报》2023年第22期2343-2351,共9页Journal of Army Medical University

基　　金：重庆市体育科研项目(A202207);重庆市自然科学基金创新群体科学基金(cstc2020jcyj-cxttX0004)。

摘　　要：目的比较分析传统性血流限制训练(traditional blood flow restriction,tBFR)与实用性血流限制训练(practical blood flow restriction,pBFR)对军校学员上肢肌肉即时效应的影响,探究pBFR的应用效果。方法选择陆军军医大学10名训练有素的健康大学生,在完成基线测量后,采用优势侧上臂哑铃交替弯举的动作,均在5周内完成单纯低负荷(low-intensity,LI)、低负荷联合tBFR(LI-tBFR)、高负荷联合tBFR(HI-tBFR)、低负荷联合pBFR(LI-pBFR)、高负荷联合pBFR(HI-pBFR)训练。每名受试者每次训练方式均随机产生,直至完成全部5次训练,相邻2次训练间隔1周。测量每次训练全过程的表面肌电,在训练前后测量受试者的肌肉厚度和上肢臂围,在每次训练后记录受试者的主观疲劳度,并进行统计分析。结果无论是tBFR还是pBFR,LI-BFR与LI相比以及HI-BFR与LI-BFR比较,均方根值(root mean square,RMS)值均有显著增加,差异有显著性差异(P<0.05);然而,LI-tBFR与LI-pBFR以及HI-tBFR与HI-pBFR之间,RMS值却无明显差别。肌肉厚度和上肢臂围方面,在联合BFR训练后相较于训练前均有一定程度的增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在增加量方面(肌肉厚度平均0.2~0.3 mm,上肢臂围平均0.3~0.4 cm),tBFR与pBFR之间并无显著差别。主观疲劳度方面,随着负荷的增大,疲劳程度逐渐增加,相同负荷训练时tBFR与pBFR的疲劳度并无显著性差异。结论在即时效应研究中,pBFR能够起到与tBFR相类似的效果,均能有效促进军校学员上肢肌肉的即时激活效应,增加肌肉肥大,对于军校学员乃至普通大众,在没有专业训练场地及器材的条件下,自行进行pBFR训练也是一种不错的选择。但长期效果仍需要进一步的验证。Objective To compare and analyze the influence of traditional blood flow restriction(tBFR)and practical blood flow restriction(pBFR)on the immediate efficacy of upper limb muscles in military cadets,and explore the application effect of pBFR.MethodsTen well-trained healthy military cadets from Army Medical University were enrolled in this study.After the baseline measurement was completed,all of them were asked to do alternating dumbbell curl with dominant arm.Low-intensity(LI),low-intensity combined tBFR(LI-tBFR),high-intensity combined tBFR(HI-tBFR),low-intensity combined pBFR(LI-pBFR),and high-intensity combined pBFR(HI-pBFR)training were completed within 5 weeks.Each training mode of each subject was randomly generated until all 5 different training modes were completed,and the interval between 2 adjacent training sessions was 1 week.Surface electromyography(EMG)was conducted during the whole process of each training,and the muscle thickness and upper arm circumference were measured before and after each training.Subjective fatigue was evaluated by the participants after each training,and the results were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results Whether it is tBFR or pBFR,the root mean square(RMS)value of LI-BFR was significantly higher than that of LI,and that of HI-BFR was significantly higher than that of LI-BFR(P<0.05).However,there were no obvious differences in RMS between LI-tBFR and LI-pBFR,and between HI-tBFR and HI-pBFR(P>0.05).In terms of muscle thickness(0.2~0.3 mm)and upper limb arm circumference(0.3~0.4 cm),certain increments were observed before and after combined BFR(P<0.05),but no such significant difference was observed between tBFR and pBFR(P>0.05).The results of subjective fatigue evaluation indicated that the fatigue level was gradually elevated with load increasing,and there was no statistical difference in the level between tBFR and pBFR under the same load of training(P>0.05).Conclusion In immediate efficacy,pBFR has a similar effect as tBFR,and both of them can effectively promote

关 键 词：血流限制训练 军校学员 表面肌电 实用性 肌肉厚度 上肢臂围 

分 类 号：G808.12[文化科学—体育训练] R821.2[文化科学—运动人体科学] R87[文化科学—体育学]