中原与海岱地区史前筑城技术的比较观察  

A Comparative Study of Prehistoric Wall-construction Techniques between Zhongyuan and Haidai Regions

作　　者：郭荣臻 GUO Rongzhen(Zhengzhou,Henan 450044)

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院历史文化学院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《江汉考古》2023年第5期57-68,共12页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：郑州兴文化工程2023年度文化研究专项课题“郑州地区史前农业复杂化进程研究”(项目编号xwhyj2023193);郑州师范学院科研启动项目“河洛地区二里头时代生业复杂化的考古学研究”(项目编号702390);山东大学人文社会科学重大研究项目“海岱地区龙山时代生业经济研究”(项目编号17RWZD07)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：考古发现显示,中原与海岱地区史前围垣城邑皆系土城。中原地区以版筑、夯筑为主,堆筑为辅,城墙下部多挖有基槽;海岱地区则主要为堆筑,夯筑辅之,偶见版筑,城墙大都平地起建。两大文化区筑城技术特征,与所处地域环境和文化交流关联密切。土工程、版筑、基槽等文化因素代表了中国史前城垣建筑的复杂和先进技术。筑城技术的进步为龙山时代大规模筑城运动的兴起和早期城市化进程奠定了基础,在社会复杂化进程中起着重要作用,对后世城市的规划和营建有较大影响。Archaeological discoveries indicate that prehistoric walled settlements in both the Central Plains and the Haidai region were primarily constructed using earthen materials.In the Central Plains,walled settlements were mainly built by rammed earth and stamped earth techniques,with some mound construction.Many walls in this area had foundation trenches.On the other hand,in the Haidai region,walled settlements were primarily constructed using mound construction techniques,with rammed earth as a secondary method and stamped earth being rare.Most settlement walls were built on flat ground.We propose that the wall construction techniques in these two regions are closely correlated with regional environment and cultural exchanges.Earthworks,stamped earth,and foundation trenches represent the highest technological achievements in prehistoric wall construction in China.The advancement in wall construction techniques laid the foundation for the emergence of large-scale city construction and early urbanization during the Longshan period,contributing significantly to the development of social complexity as well as to city planning and construction in later times.

关 键 词：中原 海岱 史前筑城技术 筑城运动 早期城市化 

分 类 号：K871.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]