有机液体肥替代部分化肥对滴灌棉花产量和品质的影响  

Effect of organic liquid fertilizer replacing some chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of drip irrigated cotton

作　　者：李杰 马腾飞 边洋[1,2] 帕尔哈提·买买提 娄善伟 吐尔逊江·买买提[1,2] 何红 张鹏忠[1,2] LI Jie;MA Teng-fei;BIAN Yang;Paerhati Maimaiti;LOU Shan-wei;Tuerxunjiang Maimaiti;HE Hong;ZHANG Peng-zhong(China National Cotton Research and Development Center,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Cash Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]国家棉花工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第9期1991-1999,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2020E02098、2021E02019);新疆农业科学院自主培育项目(nkyzzkj⁃016、nkyzztd⁃002);中央引导地方科技发展项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探明有机液体肥替代部分化肥对膜下滴灌棉花生长特性、产量及品质的影响。【方法】于2021—2022年进行田间小区试验,设单施常规化肥(纯N 330 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5180 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 120 kg/hm^(2))(CF),60%常规化肥+225 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+150 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF1),60%常规化肥+450 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+300 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF2),60%常规化肥+675 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+450 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF3),60%常规化肥+900 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+600 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF4)5个处理。【结果】干物质累积量和干物质最大增长速率随液体肥用量的增加而增加,最大增长速率LF3较CF低2.99%,LF4较CF高7.34%。叶面积指数和SPAD值随液体肥用量的增加而增大,除蕾期外,叶面积指数LF1和LF2显著低于CF,LF3与CF无显著变化,LF4显著高于CF;SPAD值LF1和LF2显著低于CF,LF3、LF4与CF无显著差异。花铃期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随液体肥用量的增加而增大,但胞间隙CO_(2)浓度随液体肥用量的增加而降低。单株铃数、单铃重和产量均随液体肥用量增加而增加,LF1、LF2显著低于CF,LF3、LF4与CF无显著差异,各处理LF1、LF2、LF3、LF4和CF籽棉产量分别为6012.5、6528.5、7274.5、7568.5和7383 kg/hm^(2)。纤维长度、强度随液体肥用量的增加而增加,LF3、LF4与CF无显著差异。马克隆值随液体肥用量的增加而下降,除LF1与CF差异显著外,其他与CF无显著变化。【结论】适量的液体肥替代部分常规化肥能够促进棉花生长发育,适当增加产量、改善品质,本研究中综合考虑各指标LF3为最佳处理。【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the effect of organic liquid fertilizer replacing some chemical fertilizer on growth characteristics,yield and quality of drip irrigated cotton.【Method】A field experiment was conducted during 2021-2022.Five treatments were set up in the experiment,including conventional fertilizer application alone(pure N 330 kg/hm^(2),P2O5180 kg/hm^(2),K2O 120 kg/hm^(2))(CF),60%conventional fertilizer+225 L/hm^(2) alginate stock solution+150 L/hm^(2) liguo concentrated solution(LF1),60%con⁃ventional fertilizer+450 L/hm^(2) alginate stock solution+300 L/hm^(2) liguo concentrated solution(LF2),60%conventional fertilizer+675 L/hm^(2) alginate stock solution+450 L/hm^(2) liguo concentrated solution(LF3),and 60%conventional fertilizer+675 L/hm^(2) alginate stock solution+450 L/hm^(2) liguo concentrated solution(LF4).【Result】Dry matter accumulation and the maximum growth rate of dry mat⁃ter increased with the liquid fertilizer supply rising.The maximum growth rate of dry matter of LF3 was 2.99%lower than CF,and LF4 was 7.34%higher than CF.Leaf area index(LAI)and SPAD values increased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage.Except for the bud stage,LAI in LF1 and LF2 were significantly lower than CF,LF3 and CF were not significantly different,and LF4 was significantly higher than CF.SPAD values in LF1 and LF2 were significantly lower than CF,while there was no significant difference among LF3,LF4 and CF.In the flowering and boll stage,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage,but intercellular CO_(2) concentration decreased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage.Number of bolls,boll weight and yield increased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage,LF1 and LF2 were significantly lower than CF,while there was no significant difference among LF3,LF4 and CF.Yield of LF1,LF2,LF3,LF4 and CF were 6012.5,6528.5,7274.5,7568.5 and 7383 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Fiber length and s

关 键 词：液体肥 棉花 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]