皖北地区农业固废氮磷养分估算及肥料化利用潜力  

Estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of agricultural solid wastes in Northern Anhui province and their fertilizer utilization potentials

作　　者：程海燕 苏永东 周育智 胡翩[4] 牛经纬 徐燕飞 陈孝杨 CHENG Hai-yan;SU Yong-dong;ZHOU Yu-zhi;HU Pian;NIU Jing-wei;XU Yan-fei;CHEN Xiao-yang(Ping’an Coal Mining Engineering Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Huainan,Anhui 232033,China;Anhui Coal Mine Green and Low-Carbon Development Engineering Research Center,Huainan,Anhui 232000,China;Huaihe Energy(Group)Co.,Ltd,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China;School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]平安煤炭开采工程技术研究院有限责任公司,安徽淮南232033 [2]安徽省煤矿绿色低碳发展工程研究中心,安徽淮南232000 [3]淮河能源(集团)股份有限公司,安徽淮南232001 [4]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第9期2000-2009,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国工程院战略咨询项目(2021⁃DFZ⁃15);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(S202104a06020064);淮南关闭矿井地质生态环境评价及综合治理技术研究项目(HNKY⁃PG⁃WT⁃2021⁃260)。

摘　　要：【目的】皖北地区是安徽省重要粮食产区,评估区域农业固废肥料化利用潜力,可为秸秆和畜禽粪污养分合理利用和优化施肥结构提供数据支撑,对区域化肥减量增效、循环绿色农业建设具有推动作用。【方法】估算区县农作物氮磷需求量、秸秆还田氮磷供给量、畜禽粪污氮磷供给量,探讨3种粪污利用情景下氮磷损失率、区县氮磷供需关系以及各市施肥结构现状。【结果】农作物氮(N)磷(P_(2)O_(5))养分需求量分别为80.26×10^(4)和13.35×10^(4) t,秸秆还田氮磷养分供给量分别为7.78×10^(4)和1.02×10^(4) t,畜禽粪污氮磷养分供给量分别为13.61×10^(4)和3.06×10^(4) t。在固体粪便商业堆肥,家畜尿液沼气化处理情景下氮磷养分损耗最低,损失率分别为20.1%和10.3%。区县畜禽粪污氮磷供给量大都占需求量10%~20%和15%~30%,秸秆还田氮磷供给量大都介于7%~12%和7%~9%。各市化肥施用量约为153.23×10^(4) t,折算成氮磷肥总量分别为70.94×10^(4)和40.69×10^(4) t,蚌埠和淮南养分供给量大于需求量,宿州和亳州供小于需,阜阳和淮北供需基本持平。【结论】仅使用秸秆和粪污还田不能满足农作物对氮磷养分的需求,相较之下更依赖化肥对养分的补给,且氮养分需求程度大于磷,各地区应增加秸秆和粪污肥料化利用量,降低化肥施用量,可采用化肥配施有机肥的方式,继续推行化肥减量增效措施。【Objective】Northern Anhui is an important grain producing area in Anhui province.Assessing the potential of fertilizer utilization of regional agricultural solid wastes can provide data support for the rational utilization of straw and livestock manure nutrients and the optimization of fertilizer structure,which can promote the reduction of regional fertilizer and increase efficiency and the construction of circular green agriculture.【Method】The demand for nitrogen and phosphorus of crops,the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus for returning straw to the field,and the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock and poultry manure were estimated,and the loss rate of nitrogen and phosphorus under three scenarios of manure utilization,the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus supply and demand in the districts and counties,and the current situation of fertilization structure in each city were discussed.【Result】The nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))nutrient requirements of crops were 0.80 and 0.13 million tons respectively,the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient supply of straw returning was 77.8 and 10.2 thousand tons respectively,and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient supply of livestock manure was 136.1 and 30.6 thousand tons respectively.Under the scenario of commercial composting of solid manure and biogas treatment of livestock urine,the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients was the lowest,with the loss rates of 20.1%and 10.3%respectively.The supply of nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock and poultry manure in the district and county accounted for 10%-20%and 15%-30%of the demand,and the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus from straw returning to the field was 7%-12%and 7%-9%.The amount of fertilizer applied in each city was about 1.53 million tons,which translated into 0.71 million tons of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and 0.41 million tons of nitro⁃gen and phosphorus fertilizer respectively.The supply of nutrients in Bengbu city and Huainan city was greater than the demand,wh

关 键 词：秸秆 畜禽粪污 氮磷养分 供需关系 皖北地区 

分 类 号：S143.11[农业科学—肥料学]