大辛庄遗址新出“索”氏器与卜辞“索”地  

The Bronzes with Character of(索Suo)Unearthed at Daxinzhuang Site and The Geographical Location of(索Suo)in Oracle Inscription

作　　者：王旭东 Wang Xudong

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2023年第10期17-24,132,共9页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”资助项目“甲骨金文地理资料整理与研究”(项目编号:G1061)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：甲骨文中的“索”是“十祀征人方”经停地点,对于探索“人方”方位与晚商地理问题具有重要坐标价值。山东兖州曾出土成组的殷墟四期“索”氏铜器,一度被视为“索”在兖州附近的有力证据,但部分学者认为这批铜器是由周初东迁的殷遗民携带到东土的,无法说明晚商“索”之地望。最近公布的济南大辛庄遗址M225随葬殷墟三期“索”氏铜器及“夷式”陶簋,表明“索”氏是一直居住在东土而又高度商化的土著夷人,故“殷遗民携带”的质疑不能成立。大辛庄遗址出土过多种族氏铭文,结合遗址性质分析,在此居住的“索”氏成员可能是从兖州移居过来的,卜辞“索”地目前仍以定在兖州比较合适,“人方山东说”应成为晚商地理研究的共识与基础。The character of'(索suǒ)'in oracle bone inscription stands for a stop along the expedition led by King of Shang Dynasty against Renfang in the 10th year of his reign,which plays as a coordinate significant for the study of the location of Renfang and the issues on the late Shang-dynasty geography.Yinxu Phrase-IV bronzes with character of'(索)unearthed in Yanzhou of Shandong Province were once taken as the key evidences to the judgment that'(索)is located near Yanzhou,yet someone argues that these bronze objects were brought here by the Yin people immigrating eastward in the early Zhou Dynasty.However,the newly-issued archaeological discovered Yinxu Phrase-Ⅲbronze vessels with character of'(索)at M225 in Daxinzhuang Site in Ji'nan of Shandong Province and the'Yi-styled'pottery Gui suggest that the clan of(索Suǒ)are indigenous in the east but greatly influenced by the Shang culture,which thus denies the thought that'the bronzes are brought by the Yin people to the east'.It is referred by Daxinzhuang Site itself and the excavated bronze inscriptions on clans that the local Suos(索Suǒ)probably emigrate from Yanzhou by origin.Therefore,the idea that'(索suǒ)'in oracle bones lies near Yanzhou is relatively convincing,the same way,the theory of'Renfang in Shandong'should be agreed as the basis for research on late-Shang geographical issues.

关 键 词：“索”氏 大辛庄 “人方” 晚商地理 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]