电焊作业对听力损失和呼吸系统损伤的影响  

Effects of electric welding on hearing loss and respiratory damage

作　　者：苏艺伟 李艳华 王建宇[1] 张燕[1] 周丽屏[1] 王致[1] Su Yiwei;Li Yanhua;Wang Jianyu;Zhang Yan;Zhou Lipin;Wang Zhi(Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health,Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital,Guangzhou 510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市第十二人民医院职业环境与健康重点实验室,广州510620

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第10期832-837,共6页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金项目(2021A1515110663);广州市科学技术局市校(院)企联合资助项目(2023A03J0977);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021-2023年)。

摘　　要：目的:调查电焊作业工人职业健康状况,探讨电焊作业对听力损失和呼吸系统损伤的影响。方法:于2021年8至12月,采用整群抽样选取广州市某汽车整车制造企业焊装车间636名电焊作业工人为电焊组,以该厂单纯噪声暴露的发动机车间和总装车间757名装配工人为装配组。对焊接岗位和装配岗位进行职业病危害因素检测,并对研究对象进行职业健康检查,比较分析两组工人职业健康状况及听力损失与呼吸系统异常随工龄的变化趋势。采用二分类logistic回归分析电焊工人听力损失与呼吸系统异常的关联性。结果:焊接岗位电焊烟尘和锰及其化合物超标率均为9.68%(3/31),其噪声暴露强度[(85.36±2.68)dB(A)]及超标率[48.39%(15/31)]与装配岗位[(84.86±3.28)dB(A)和43.24%(16/37)]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。职业健康检查结果显示,电焊组作业工人听力损失检出率、数字化X射线摄影(DR)胸片异常检出率、谷丙转氨酶异常检出率、谷草转氨酶异常检出率、白细胞计数异常检出率均高于装配组(P<0.05)。电焊组作业工人听力损失检出率、DR胸片异常检出率和肺通气功能异常检出率以及装配组作业工人听力损失检出率均随着工龄的增加而升高(P<0.05);工龄≥9年电焊组作业工人听力损失检出率和DR胸片异常检出率均高于同工龄段装配组作业工人(P<0.05)。二分类logistic回归分析显示,肺通气功能异常和DR胸片异常是电焊工人发生听力损失的危险因素(OR=10.83,95%CI:7.31~16.06;OR=16.59,95%CI:5.72~48.10;P<0.05)。结论:电焊作业工人听力损失和呼吸系统损伤问题突出,且异常检出率均随工龄的增加而升高。电焊作业工人听力损失与肺通气功能异常和DR胸片异常相关联。Objective To investigate the occupational health status of electric welding workers and explore the effects of electric welding on hearing loss and respiratory damage.Methods From August to December 2021,the cluster sampling method was used to select workers from an automobile manufacturer in Guangzhou City as research subjects:636 welding workers in the welding workshop as the welding group,757 assembly workers in the engine workshop and the final assembly workshop exposed to pure noise as the assembly group.Occupational disease hazard factors were detected for welding positions and assembly positions,and occupational health examination was carried out for research subjects.The occupational health status,the trends of hearing loss and respiratory abnormalities with working age were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between hearing loss and respiratory abnormalities in welding workers.Results The excess rates of welding fumes,manganese and its compounds in the welding position were both 9.68%(3/31).Its noise exposure intensity[(85.36±2.68)dB(A)]and excess rate[48.39%(15/31)]were not significantly different from those in the assembly position[(84.86±3.28)dB(A)and 43.24%(16/37)](P>0.05).The results of the occupational health examination showed that the detection rates of hearing loss,digital radiography(DR)chest X-ray abnormality,alanine aminotransferase abnormality,deazelaic aminotransferase abnormality and white blood cell count abnormality of workers in the welding group were higher than those in the assembly group(P<0.05).The detection rates of hearing loss,DR chest X-ray abnormality,pulmonary ventilation abnormality in the welding group and the detection rate of hearing loss in the assembly group increased with the working age of the workers(P<0.05).The hearing loss detection rate and DR chest X-ray abnormality detection rate of the workers with≥9 years working age in the welding group were both higher than those in the assembly grou

关 键 词：听力损伤 呼吸系统 电焊作业 电焊烟尘 锰及其化合物 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]