2022年宁夏回族自治区1株Ⅰ型疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒分离株的调查处置  

Investigation and response to a type I vaccine-derived poliovirus strain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2022

作　　者：周娟[1] 周莉薇[1] 张颖[1] 秦东丽 曹慜 Zhou Juan;Zhou Liwei;Zhang Ying;Qin Dongli;Cao Min(Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan 750004,Ningxia,China;Huinong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shizuishan 753600,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750004 [2]惠农区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏石嘴山753600

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2023年第5期520-524,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的对宁夏回族自治区1株疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒(Vaccine derived poliovirus,VDPV)进行鉴定和应急处置。方法对宁夏某区2022年9月1例急性弛缓性麻痹(Acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例和其同居住区的健康儿童开展流行病学调查,采集粪便标本分离脊灰病毒,对分离株进行核苷酸序列分析和鉴定;开展AFP病例主动搜索和脊灰疫苗接种率评估。结果从1名健康儿童粪便标本中分离到1株Ⅰ型脊灰病毒,该分离株与Ⅰ型Sabin疫苗株相比VP1区发生13个核苷酸变异(1.43%),鉴定为VDPV。2021-2022年该区适龄儿童脊灰疫苗基础和加强免疫报告接种率均为100%。未发现该分离株在当地循环。结论研究地区脊灰病毒分离株为健康携带者VDPV,未造成循环。宁夏需继续保持适龄儿童高水平脊灰疫苗接种率和高灵敏性的脊灰病原学监测。Objective To identify and respond to a type I vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV) strain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Methods We investigated an acute flaccid paralysis(AFP) case that occurred in September 2022 in a district of Ningxia and in the investigation,we checked healthy children living in the same community and collected stool specimens for poliovirus isolation,nucleotide sequence analysis,and identification.We conducted an active AFP case search and polio vaccination coverage evaluation.Results A type I poliovirus strain was isolated from the stool specimen of a healthy child,which had 13 nucleotide mutations(1.43%) in the VP1 region compared with the Sabin vaccine strain and was characterized as a vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV).The reported coverage levels of primary and booster polio vaccination were both 100% among age-eligible children in the district from 2021 to 2022.The isolate did not circulate in the local area.Conclusions The poliovirus isolated in the study area was a VDPV from a healthy carrier and did not circulate.We should continue to maintain high polio vaccine coverage among age-eligible children and high-sensitivity of poliovirus surveillance in Ningxia.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒 健康携带者 急性弛缓性麻痹 监测 处置 

分 类 号：R184.6[医药卫生—流行病学]