纳米复合海洋防污涂料研究进展  

Research Progress of Nanomaterial-based Coatings for Marine Antifouling Applications

作　　者：贺小燕 白秀琴[1,2] 袁成清[1,2] 任坤 HE Xiaoyan;BAI Xiuqin;YUAN Chengqing;REN Kun(State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Hubei Longzhong Laboratory,Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone,Xiangyang 441000,China;SAIC General Motors Corporation Limited Wuhan Branch,Wuhan 430208,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学水路交通控制全国重点实验室,武汉430063 [2]武汉理工大学襄阳示范区湖北隆中实验室,襄阳441000 [3]上汽通用汽车有限公司武汉分公司,武汉430208

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2023年第5期37-51,共15页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52001238);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2022IVA013)资助项目。

摘　　要：海洋生物污损带来巨大的损失是亟须解决的难题。开发含纳米填料的无机-有机杂化涂料是传统防污手段的绿色替代方案,然而目前缺乏纳米复合涂料在海洋防污领域应用的系统报道。综述无机纳米材料改性聚合物涂料的研究进展,按照防污机制的不同,重点总结低表面能纳米复合防污涂料、超疏水纳米复合防污涂料、释放型纳米复合防污涂料、催化型纳米防污涂料、多因素协同纳米防污涂料的研究现状,对其防污特性进行分析,并指出各类涂层所存在的问题。最后,提出无机纳米材料在聚合物中的稳定分散、多种防污机制协同优化、无机纳米复合涂层的长效防污性能保障是纳米防污涂料在海洋防污领域所面临的难题及未来发展方向,填补了纳米复合涂料在海洋绿色防污领域应用系统报道的空白。Marine biofouling is a serious problem,restricting the development of naval architecture and ocean engineering.Thus,strategies that can effectively inhibit marine biofouling are required.Many efficient antifouling approaches have been developed.The most successful antifouling strategies have been the employment of paints and coatings with released biocides to destroy colonizers.However,biocide-based coatings are often restricted by their short-term efficiency and harmfulness.Inorganic-organic hybrid coatings containing nanofillers are environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional biocide-based coatings.However,there have been few comprehensive and systematic reports on the research progress of nanocomposite coatings for marine antifouling applications.Development of inorganic nanomaterial-based coatings in recent years is reviewed in this paper,focusing on low-surface-energy nanocomposite coatings,superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings,agent-releasing nanocomposite coatings,catalytic nanocomposite coatings,and synergistic nanocomposite coatings for antifouling applications.Traditional fouling-release technologies can benefit from addition of nanoparticles with a concentration of a few percent.Small amounts of nanofillers can improve the durability and fouling-release capabilities of low-surface-energy coatings.However,nanocomposite coatings with low surface energy lose their biofouling resistance in a stable liquid environment.Nanoparticles are dispersed in polymer matrices to obtain superhydrophobic surfaces by altering surface roughness or forming micro/nanostructures,resulting in self-cleaning properties.Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings do not provide adequate long-term antifouling capacity in a floating-liquid environment.In contrast to low-surface-energy nanocomposite coatings and superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings that prevent biofouling by release and resistance,agent-releasing nanocomposite coatings disrupt the adhesion mechanism or kill fouling species by releasing an antifoulant.Nano

关 键 词：生物污损 纳米复合 海洋防污涂料 防污机制 

分 类 号：U661[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]