草海湿地越冬鸟类动态研究  

Study on the Dynamics of Overwintering Birds in Caohai Wetland

作　　者：涂声蕾 冉景丞 杨杰 马思怡 刘懿 张艳 倪妮 TU Sheng-lei;RAN Jing-cheng;YANG Jie(School of Life Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Caohai Wetland Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Weining,Guizhou 553114;Guizhou Academy of Forestry Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州草海湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,贵州威宁553114 [3]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [4]贵州省威宁县气象局,贵州威宁553114

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第22期76-79,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省林业局科研项目(黔林科合[2020]12号);贵州省气象局科研项目(黔气科登[2021]09-10号)。

摘　　要：为了解贵州草海湿地越冬鸟类数量动态特征,通过收集多年来贵州草海国家级自然保护区管理委员会的鸟类日常监测数据,对草海湿地越冬期黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)、灰鹤(Grus grus)、斑头雁(Anser indicus)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)5种代表性鸟类的越冬动态进行分析。结果表明:草海湿地黑颈鹤历史最高统计数量从1985年的223只增加到2022年的2 088只,黑颈鹤数量变化呈现总体上升趋势;在2012—2022年10个越冬期内草海湿地5种重要珍稀鸟类的数量年均值为黑颈鹤1 597只、灰鹤745只、斑头雁3 497只、赤麻鸭2 932只、白骨顶10 566只;2012—2022年的草海湿地灰鹤、斑头雁、赤麻鸭和白骨顶4种主要水鸟总体在越冬期数量保持平稳,但不同种类在同一年份和同一种类在不同年份都有较明显的波动,说明生境稳定性并非最佳。In order to understand the dynamic characteristics of Guizhou Caohai Wetland wintering birds,this article analyzes the overwintering dynamics of five representative birds in the Caohai Wetland,including the Grus nigricollis,Grus grus,Anser indicus,Tadorna ferruginea,and Fulica atra,by collecting daily bird monitoring data from the Management Committee of the Caohai National Nature Reserve in Guizhou over the years.The results show that the highest statistical number of black-necked cranes in Caohai Wetland increased from 223 in 1985 to 2088 in 2022,and the number of Grus nigricollis showed an overall upward trend;the annual average number of five important rare birds in the Caohai Wetland during the 10 wintering periods from 2012 to 2022 is 1597 Grus nigricollis,745 Grus gru,3497 Anser indicus,2932 Tadorna ferruginea,10566 Fulica atra;from 2012 to 2022,the number of four main species of Grus grus,Anser indicus,Tadorna ferruginea,Fulica atra,remained stable during the overwintering period,but different species fluctuated significantly in the same year and the same species in different years,indicating that the habitat stability is not the best.

关 键 词：草海湿地 越冬鸟类 种群数量 黑颈鹤 灰鹤 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]