泸州烟区烤烟干物质积累和养分吸收动态变化研究  

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Absorption in Flue-cured Tobacco in Luzhou Tobacco Region

作　　者：崔权仁[1] 牟仕香 陈波 罗引 宋江 陈雪松 罗永海 谢强 何余勇 竟丽丽[1] CUI Quan-ren;MOU Shi-xiang;CHEN Bo(Tobacco Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sicences,Hefei,Anhui 230031;Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]四川烟草公司泸州市公司,四川泸州646000 [3]中国烟草总公司四川省公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第22期163-167,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省烟草公司项目(scyc202223)。

摘　　要：[目的]提高泸州烟区施肥方式与烟株对营养元素吸收量相匹配,满足烟株生长需求。[方法]在泸州烟区烤烟生产过程中,间隔一定时间采集田间烟株不同器官样品,测定养分含量及干物质积累变化,根据养分积累规律,提出相应施肥措施。[结果]泸州烟区的烤烟根、茎、叶不同器官干物质积累均呈“S”型规律变化;根、茎、叶分别从移栽后41、31和21 d至移栽后70 d干重迅速增加,分布达到相应器官总干重的71.45%、73.69%和81.97%。根、茎干物质积累强度最大时期为打顶后10 d内,分别为35.06和45.27 kg/(hm^(2)·d),叶干物质积累强度最大时期为移栽后41~50 d,达54.92 kg/(hm^(2)·d)。烟株氮、磷、钾积累量均呈“S”型规律变化,氮、磷、钾积累量分别从移栽后10~50、10~70、10~50 d迅速增加,栽后50 d时氮、磷、钾积累量分别为总含量的77.17%、51.13%和84.64%;氮、钾吸收高峰均出现在移栽后31~40 d,分别达2.61和3.96kg/(hm^(2)·d),磷吸收高峰出现在移栽后51~60 d;施用不同肥料的偏生产力明显不同,表现为氮肥偏生产力>磷肥偏生产力>钾肥偏生产力。[结论]在泸州烤烟生产施肥过程中,含氮、钾肥料必须早施,结合磷肥特性,泸州烟区烤烟生产施肥方式采用起垄时一次性施肥方法,更有利于烟株对营养元素的吸收积累和平衡烤烟化学成分,保障烟叶质量。[Objective]To match the fertilization method in Luzhou tobacco area and the absorption amount of nutrient elements absorbed by tobacco plants,to meet the growth needs of tobacco plants.[Method]In the production stage of flue-cured tobacco in Luzhou tobacco area,samples of different organs were collected at certain intervals,nutrient content and dry matter accumulation were measured,and corresponding fertilization measures were proposed according to the law of nutrient accumulation.[Result]The dry matter accumulation of different organs showed a“S”pattern.The dry matter accumulation of root,stem and leaf significantly increased from 41,31 and 21 days after transplanting to 70 days,which accounted for 71.45%,73.69%and 81.97%of the total dry matter accumulation of the corresponding organs,respectively.The maximum rates of root and stem dry matter accumulation were occurred within 10 days after topping,which were 35.06 and 45.27 kg/(hm^(2)·d),while the maximum rates of leaf dry matter accumulation was occurred within 41-50 days after transplanting with a value of 54.92 kg/(hm^(2)·d).The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in tobacco plants showed"S"regular changes,and increased rapidly from 10-50,10-70 and 10-50 days after transplanting,respectively,which accounted for 77.17%,51.13%and 84.64%of the total accumulation.The nitrogen and potassium assimilation rate peaks were occurred during the 31-40 days after transplanting,which were 2.61 and 3.96 kg/(hm^(2)·d).The phosphorus assimilation rate peak was occurred during 51-60 days after transplanting.The partial productivity of different fertilizers was different,which showed that nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity>phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity>potassium fertilizer partial productivity.[Conclusion]In the growth stage of Luzhou flue-cured tobacco,nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be applied early.Combined with the characteristics of phosphate fertilizer,the one-time fertilization method of flue-cured tobacco production in L

关 键 词：烤烟 养分 干物质 积累 泸州烟区 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]