经典名方中藏药“亚吉玛”本草考证  

Herbal Research on Tibetan Medicine“Yajima”in Classic Prescription

作　　者：格拉措 才让南加 Ge Lacuo;Cairang Nanjia(Tibetan Medicine University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏藏医药大学,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《亚太传统医药》2023年第11期91-96,共6页Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine

基　　金：西藏藏医药大学硕、博士研究生科研创新能力提高项目(BSDJS-YS-2023035)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代藏医药典籍且结合近现代文献资料,对藏药“亚吉玛”的名称、基原、品质品种、入药部位、采收加工与炮制方法进行全面的梳理与考证,为含藏药“亚吉玛”的经典名方品种开发与研究提供参考。藏药“亚吉玛”正名出自藏医权威文献《四部医典》,此外尚有“加保达司”“冈吉拉茂”“查塔尔亚干”等异名。藏药“亚吉玛”有五种基原植物,分别为肉叶金腰子(Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook)、肾叶金腰子(Chrysosplenium griffithi Hook.et Thoms)、山溪金腰子(Chrysosplenium nepalenseD.Don.)、裸茎金腰子(Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge)、锈毛金腰子(Chrysosplenium davidianum Decne)。5种基原植物中主要以肉质金腰、裸茎金腰、绣毛金腰等为上品。古代以叶入药,现代则以全草入药。古代藏药“亚吉玛”采集加工通常要遵循七道工序,而现代为6-8月份采集全草,除去苦叶,进行阴干或晾干。历代炮制方法主要为绿打。通过对藏药“亚吉玛”的系统考证,从临床用药经验、安全有效的角度考虑,建议经典名方达斯玛保等开发时应选用近代以来的主流品种裸金腰子(Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge)的干燥全草,并要进行绿打。Through consulting the Tibetan medical books of the previous dynasties and combining the modern and contemporary literature,comprehensively sorts out and examines the name,origin,quality variety,drug entry site,collecting and processing,and processing methods of Tibetan medicine“Yajima”,so as to provide reference for the development and research of classic prescription varieties containing Tibetan medicine“Yajima”.The justified name of Tibetan medicine“Yajima”comes from The Four Medical Classics,an authoritative Tibetan medical literature in the 8th century AD,and there are also different names such as“Jiabao Dasi”,“Gangjilamao”,and“Chatar Yagan”.There are five kinds of original plants in Tibetan medicine“Yajima”,namely Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook,Chrysosplenium griffithi Hook.et Thoms,Chrysosplenium nepalense D.Don.and Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge and Chrysosplenium davidianum Decne.Among the five kinds of original plants,Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook,Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge and Chrysosplenium davidianum Decne are used as the top plants.In ancient times,leaves were used for medicine,and in modern times,whole herbs were used for medicine.The ancient Tibetan medicine“Yajima”usually follows seven procedures in the harvesting and processing stages.While in modern times,whole herbs are collected from June to August,meanwhile,the bitter leaves are removed,and dried in the shade or dried by airing.The processing method in previous dynasties was mainly green beating.Through the systematic study of the Tibetan medicine“Yajima”,from the perspective of clinical drug experience,safety and effectiveness,it is suggested that the dried whole grass of the mainstream variety Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge should be used when developing the classic famous prescription Dasimabao,and green beating should be conducted.

关 键 词：藏药亚吉玛 基原 品质品种 采集加工 

分 类 号：R29[医药卫生—民族医学] R281[医药卫生—中医学]