贵金属单原子催化剂的制备、表征及在化学化工中的应用  

Synthesis,Characterization and Applications of Noble Metal Single Atom Catalysts for Chemical Industry

作　　者：王丽华 杨卫亚 沈智奇 张会成 WANG Li-hua;YANG Wei-ya;SHEN Zhi-qi;ZHANG Hui-cheng(Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co.,Ltd.,Dalian Liaoning 116045,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁大连116045

出　　处：《当代化工》2023年第10期2290-2298,共9页Contemporary Chemical Industry

基　　金：中国石化重点科技项目,富含缺陷位氧化铝的合成与单原子催化设计(项目编号:123032)。

摘　　要：贵金属单原子催化剂具有极高的原子利用率和单位质量活性,在众多化学反应中表现出优异的催化性能。介绍了在传统化学化工领域所用贵金属单原子催化剂的制备、表征及应用3个方面的研究进展。湿化学法制备贵金属单原子催化剂因成本低廉、操作简单而被广泛使用;球差电镜及同步辐射是用于贵金属单原子催化剂表征的最为直接有效的手段;当前,贵金属单原子催化剂主要应用于水煤气变换反应、CO_(2)加氢转化反应、氢甲酰化反应、CO低温氧化转化、丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应及硅氢加成反应等领域。贵金属单原子催化剂也存在一定的局限性,主要包括稳定性差、缺失相邻的集合位点及宏量制备困难等。强化制备工艺与表征技术的融合、探究单原子催化剂的催化机制及反应动力学、寻求特定的适用于单原子催化的反应过程、设计可用于工业化生产的催化剂制备工艺,是推动贵金属单原子催化剂产业化发展的重要途径。Noble metal single atom catalysts have extreme high atomic utilization and unit mass activity,show excellent catalytic performance in many chemical reactions.In this paper,the research progress in the synthesis,characterization and application of noble metal single atom catalysts used in the field of traditional chemistry and chemical industry was introduced.Wet chemical methods used for preparing single atom catalysts are widely employed because of its low cost and simple operation.Spherical aberration transmission electron microscopy(AC-TEM)and synchrotron radiation are the most direct and effective technical means for the characterization of single atom catalysts.At present,noble metal single atom catalysts are mainly used in water gas shift reaction,carbon dioxide hydrogenation conversion reaction,hydroformylation reaction,low temperature oxidation conversion of CO,propane dehydrogenation to propylene reaction,hydrosilylation reaction and so on.There are some limitations for noble metal single atom catalysts including poor stability,lack of adjacent aggregation sites and difficulty in mass production.the integration and innovation of preparation methods and characterization technology,further studying on the catalytic mechanism and reaction kinetics,designing the catalyst preparation process that can be used in industrial production,is an important way to promote the industrial development of noble metal monoatomic catalysts.

关 键 词：贵金属 单原子催化剂 球差电镜 同步辐射 

分 类 号：TQ426.94[化学工程]