大型兆瓦级风力机气弹耦合数值模型研发及应用  

Development of Aeroelastic Coupling Numerical Model for Large-scale Megawatt Wind Turbine and Its Application

作　　者：李治国 宋超洋 高志鹰[2] 张立茹[2] 汪建文[2] LI Zhiguo;SONG Chaoyang;GAO Zhiying;ZHANG Liru;WANG Jianwen(Mechanical Engineering College,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;College of Energy and Power Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学机械工程学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010051 [2]内蒙古工业大学能源与动力工程学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010051

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2023年第20期7948-7958,共11页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51866012);自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(JY20220240).

摘　　要：为探究大型兆瓦级风力机柔性叶片非线性气弹特性,揭示叶片大范围空间运动与气弹响应耦合机制,该文提出一种用于分析风力机气动性能、模态特征、气动阻尼及动态响应的实时双向气弹耦合研究方法。将叶素动量理论、混合梁理论、Lanczos模态分析法及修正的Newmark-β位移迭代法有效结合,通过MATLAB编程实现柔性叶片气动载荷、弹性变形和空间运动之间的气弹耦合仿真。经与美国可再生能源实验室公开实验数据及Bladed软件计算结果对比分析,发现最大相对误差仅为-2.77%,证实本文气弹模型准确可靠。研究发现,气弹耦合对轴向和切向气动力影响显著,对气动阻尼的影响从叶根到叶尖逐渐增强。气弹耦合导致叶片气动载荷及动态响应降低的原因是平面外结构变形。该文数值模型相比风力机专用软件Bladed增加气动阻尼和气弹耦合模块,计算结果满足与Bladed软件计算结果偏差不大于5%的要求,对柔性叶片气弹稳定判定、风力机整机刚柔耦合动力学仿真的实现具有重要意义。To explore the nonlinear aeroelastic characteristics of flexible blades for large-scale megawatt wind turbine and reveal the coupling mechanism between large spatial motion and aeroelastic response,a real-time two-way aeroelastic coupling research method for conducting aerodynamic performance,modal analysis,aerodynamic damping and dynamic response is proposed.The blade element method theory(BEM),hybrid beam theory,Lanczos modal analysis method and modified Newmark-βdisplacement iteration method are perfectly combined,and aeroelastic coupling simulation between aerodynamic load,elastic deformation and spatial motion is conducted using software MATLAB programming.A validation is carried out by comparing the public data from National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL)and software GH Bladed with the maximum relative error of-2.77%.It is verified that the aeroelastic model in this paper is accurate and reliable.The influence of aeroelastic coupling on axial and tangential aerodynamic load is significant,and the influence on aerodynamic damping gradually increases from blade root to blade tip.The reason for the reduction of aerodynamic load and structural dynamic response caused by aeroelastic coupling is mainly the out-of-plane structural deformation.Compared to software GH Bladed,the numerical model in the paper increases the aerodynamic damping module and aeroelastic coupling module,and its results meet the requirements that the deviation with software GH bladed can not be greater than 5%proposed in guidelines of key renewable energy technologies in national key research and development plans.The numerical model is of significance for the determination of flexible blade aeroelastic stability and the realization of rigid-flexible coupling simulation for large-scale megawatt horizontal axis wind turbine.

关 键 词：风力机 柔性叶片 气弹耦合 数值模型 气弹特性 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]