中药材贮藏期虫蛀现象的研究现状  

Research status of insect infestation of Chinese medicinal materials during storage

作　　者：程云霞 刘震营 徐博 宋平平 巢志茂[1] CHENG Yun-xia;LIU Zhen-ying;XU Bo;SONG Ping-ping;CHAO Zhi-mao(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第19期5152-5161,共10页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);中国中医科学院科技创新工程重大攻关项目(CI2021A04512)。

摘　　要：中药材在贮藏过程中,受自身性质及外界贮藏因素的影响,容易发生虫蛀现象。虫蛀后的中药材,轻则影响外观,降低消费者的购买力;重则影响品质,降低其药用价值,并产生虫体、排泄物及分泌物等杂质,严重污染中药材。该研究对影响中药材虫蛀发生的相关因素和虫蛀后的成分变化进行文献整理,对预防虫蛀发生的养护措施进行系统总结,首次对可应用于中药材贮藏过程中的虫蛀发生检测技术进行综述。在贮藏过程中,虫蛀的发生是生物因素(害虫的来源、种类和虫口密度等)、内在因素(水分、化学成分和自身的新陈代谢等)和环境因素(温度、相对湿度和环境含氧量等)共同作用的结果。虫蛀发生后,中药材所含的成分含量存在明显的变化。通过对中药材入库前的严格检查、入库后的定期养护及采用恰当的贮藏养护方法,可降低虫蛀发生率,提高中药材的保存完好率。中药材的贮藏养护是保证质量的关键环节,通过科学规范的贮藏,严格执行操作管理规范,就能降低被虫蛀的风险,保证中药材的品质。During the storage process,Chinese medicinal materials are susceptible to insect infestation due to their own nature and external storage factors.Infestation by insects can have varying impacts on the materials.In mild cases,it affects the appearance and reduces consumer purchasing power,while in severe cases,it affects the quality,reduces medicinal value,and introduces impurities such as insect bodies,excrement,and secretions,resulting in significant contamination of the medicinal materials.This study reviewed the rele-vant factors influencing insect infestation in Chinese medicinal materials and the compositional changes that occur after infestation and summarized maintenance measures for preventing insect infestation.Additionally,it provided an overview of detection techniques applicable to identifying insect infestation during the storage of Chinese medicinal materials.During the storage process,insect infestation is the result of the combined effects of biological factors(source,species,and population density of insects),intrinsic factors(moisture,chemical composition,and metabolism),and environmental factors(temperature,relative humidity,and oxygen content).After infestation,there are significant changes in the content of constituents in the medicinal materials.By implementing strict pre-storage inspections,regular maintenance after storage,and appropriate storage and maintenance methods,the occurrence of insect infestation can be reduced,and the preservation rate of Chinese medicinal materials can be improved.The storage and maintenance of Chinese medicinal materials are critical for ensuring their quality.Through scientifically standardized storage and strict adherence to operational management standards,the risk of insect infestation can be minimized,thus guaranteeing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

关 键 词：中药材 虫蛀 影响因素 成分 贮藏养护 检测技术 

分 类 号：R288[医药卫生—中药学]