铅炭电池负极添加剂研究进展  

Research Progress of Additives for Lead-Carbon Battery Anodes

作　　者：谢发之 宋恒帅 张道德 杨少华 张梦 方亮 邵永刚 XIE Fazhi;SONG Hengshuai;ZHANG Daode;YANG Shaohua;ZHANG Meng;FANG Liang;SHAO Yonggang(School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,China;Anhui Accord Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Huangshan 242700,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学材料与化学工程学院,合肥230601 [2]安徽艾克瑞德科技有限公司,安徽黄山242700

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第22期7-14,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：安徽省教育厅高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2018ZD049)。

摘　　要：铅炭电池是在铅酸电池研究的基础上,选取具有多孔、高比表面积的碳材料作为负极材料添加剂来进一步提高性能的电池。碳材料为电池放电过程中产生的硫酸铅(PbSO_(4))提供更多反应界面,从而抑制硫酸盐化,使电池循环寿命得以延长,但碳较低的析氢过电位会带来析氢速率过快的问题。目前,铅炭电池负极添加剂开始由不同结构碳材料及析氢抑制剂的研究转向复合型材料研究,如碳与铅型复合材料、碳与导电聚合物型复合材料以及碳与析氢抑制剂型复合材料等,其主要目的是在延长电池循环使用寿命的同时,能够有效解决碳材料带来的析氢速率过快及铅与添加剂相容性差的问题。本文主要综述了近年来铅炭电池负极添加剂的研究进展,分别对碳添加剂、析氢抑制剂以及复合材料添加剂进行归纳分析,并结合目前实际发展情况分析了未来铅炭电池发展可能遇到的问题及研究方向。High performance lead-carbon batteries are developed from lead-acid batteries;carbon materials,which are porous with a high specific surface area,are selected as negative additives.Carbon materials provide reaction surfaces for lead sulfate(PbSO_(4))produced during battery discharge,which can inhibit sulfation and prolong the cycle life of the batteries.However,the low hydrogen evolution potential of carbon results in an excessive hydrogen evolution rate.Recently,the focus of research on anode additives of lead-carbon batteries was moved from carbon materials with different structures and hydrogen evolution inhibitors to various carbon composite materials(e.g.,C/Pb,C/conductive polymer,and C/H evolution inhibitor).The primary reason is that the addition of carbon composite materials can effectively solve the problems of rapid hydrogen evolution caused by carbon materials and poor compatibility between lead and additives,while prolonging the cycle life of batteries.This paper mainly reviews the research progress of negative electrode additives for lead-carbon batteries in recent years and analyses carbon additives,hydrogen evolution inhibitors,and composite additives.Further,the problems that may be encountered in the future are detailed and possible research directions are outlined.

关 键 词：铅炭电池 硫酸盐化 碳材料 析氢抑制剂 复合材料 循环寿命 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]