电磁吸波结构研究进展  

A Review of Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Structures

作　　者：刘雄飞 王壮[1] 吴尧尧 王晓中 LIU Xiongfei;WANG Zhuang;WU Yaoyao;WANG Xiaozhong(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Engineering Research Center on Construction 3D Printing of Hebei,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Hebei Zhongnai New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Langfang 065601,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学土木与交通学院,建筑3D打印河北省工程研究中心,天津300401 [2]北京理工大学冲击环境材料技术重点实验室,北京100081 [3]河北中耐新材料科技有限公司,河北廊坊065601

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第22期15-22,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51908182,52278252);河北省自然科学基金(E2020202043,E2019202484);冲击环境材料技术重点实验室基金(6142902200304)。

摘　　要：医疗、信息、健康、军防安全等领域对电磁防护具有重大需求,优化电磁吸波结构可有效解决电磁参数可调范围小、吸收频带窄和吸波峰值低等问题。通过对电磁吸波材料进行多层、蜂窝和超结构优化设计,可满足电磁吸波材料“薄、轻、宽、强”的设计要求。多层、蜂窝和超结构是首先通过调控材料表层结构形式以提高其与自由空间的阻抗匹配特性,将更多电磁波引入到材料内部从而被吸波剂吸收,并结合材料层间界面、微单元结构空间的多重反射损耗作用,以及微单元结构的干涉、衍射和共振损耗作用,达到提高电磁吸波峰值和频带宽的目的。本文对近年来电磁吸波结构的设计方法、成果与应用进行概括总结,重点分析了电磁吸波结构对电磁波吸收损耗的提升作用机理,对电磁吸波结构的发展方向和未来热点进行了展望。Medical,information,health,military security and other fields have great demand for electromagnetic radiation protection.Optimization of electromagnetic absorbing structure can effectively solve the problems of small adjustable range of electromagnetic parameters,narrow absorption band and low absorption peak value.The design requirements of‘thin,light,wide and strong’can be satisfied by optimizing multilayer,honeycomb and superstructure of electromagnetic absorbing materials.Multilayer,honeycomb and superstructure are the first methods to improve the impedance matching characteristics of the surface structure of the material to improve the impedance matching characteristics of the free space,and introduce more electromagnetic waves into the interior of the material to be absorbed by the wave absorber.Combined with the interlayer interface of the material,the multiple reflection loss of the micro-unit structure space,and the interference,diffraction and resonance loss of the micro-unit structure,the purpose of increasing the electromagnetic absorption wave peak value and frequency band width is achieved.This paper summarizes the design methods,achievements and applications of electromagnetic wave absorbing structures in recent years,focuses on analyzing the mechanism of electromagnetic wave absorbing structures to enhance the absorption loss of electromagnetic wave,and looks forward to the development direction and future hot spots of electromagnetic wave absorbing structures.

关 键 词：电磁辐射 电磁吸波材料 吸波结构 超材料 吸波剂 

分 类 号：TU512.4[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]