镍渣衍生Fe_(3) O_(4)/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及微波吸收性能研究  

Preparation and Microwave Absorption Properties of FPENS/PANI Composites

作　　者：满世甲 杜雪岩[1] 申永前[1] 龙建 MAN Shijia;DU Xueyan;SHEN Yongqian;LONG Jian(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Reuse of Nonferrous Metals,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,兰州730050

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第22期209-214,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：甘肃省重大科技专项(19ZD2GD001);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA222)。

摘　　要：镍渣含有多种有价金属元素,其综合利用研究越来越受到重视。从镍渣中回收的Fe_(3)O_(4)本身具有一定的吸波能力,但存在密度大、阻抗匹配差等缺点。本工作首先采用熔融氧化法、磁选及球磨法从镍渣中获得Fe_(3)O_(4)颗粒,然后采用原位氧化聚合法将其与苯胺复合制备镍渣衍生Fe_(3)O_(4)颗粒(FPENS)/聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料。对FPENS/PANI复合材料的物相组成、微观形貌及磁学性能进行表征,并研究了微波吸收性能和吸波机理。结果表明,FPENS/PANI复合材料中聚苯胺的相对含量对材料的吸波性能有较大的影响,当Fe_(3)O_(4)与苯胺的质量比为5∶1时,材料的最小反射损耗在15.8 GHz处达到-38.9 dB,匹配厚度为1.5 mm,有效带宽为4.24 GHz。FPENS/PANI复合材料对电磁波的损耗主要来源于磁损耗和介电损耗,其中磁损耗以自然共振和交换共振为主,介电损耗以偶极极化和界面极化为主。本工作为固废镍渣的综合利用提供了新思路。The comprehensive utilization of nickel slag has received more and more attention in recent years due to its contents of many valuable metal elements.Fe_(3)O_(4) particles extracted from nickel slag exhibit a certain degree of microwave absorbing capability,but accompany the limits of high density and poor impedance matching.In this work,Fe_(3)O_(4) particles were extracted from nickel slag by molten oxidation,magnetic separation and ball milling processes,and using them with aniline to prepare Fe_(3)O_(4) particles extracted from nickel slag(FPENS)/polyaniline(PANI)composite by an in-situ oxidative polymerization method.The phase composition,microstructure and magnetic properties of the FPENS/PANI composite were characterized,and its microwave absorbing properties and absorbing mechanism of the composites were explored.The results show that the relative content of polyaniline in the FPENS/PANI composite material has a great influence on its absorption performance.When the mass ratio of Fe_(3)O_(4) and polyaniline was 5∶1,the values of minimum reflection loss(RL min)of the composite reached-38.9 dB at 15.8 GHz with the matching thickness of 1.5 mm and the effective bandwidth of 4.24 GHz.The loss of electromagnetic waves by the composite mainly comes from magnetic loss and dielectric loss,in which the magnetic loss is mainly dominated by natural resonance and exchange resonance,and the dielectric loss is mainly dominated by dipolar polarization and interface polarization.This work provides a new idea for the comprehensive utilization of nickel slag.

关 键 词：镍渣 四氧化三铁 聚苯胺 复合材料 吸波性能 

分 类 号：TF09[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]