俄罗斯的历史话语体系重构——乌克兰危机以来的康·阿克萨科夫研究  

Reconstruction of the Russian Historical Discourse System:Research on Konstantin Aksakov after the Ukrainian Crisis

作　　者：刘雅悦 Liu Yayue

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学外语学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2023年第5期158-192,共35页Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“俄罗斯虚无主义思想史及其对中国的启示研究”(项目批准号:23CSS016)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：话语体系蕴含着一个国家特定的思想文化和价值观念,关乎该国的软实力及其国际话语权建设,而历史话语体系在其中占据着基石般的地位。当代俄罗斯的历史话语体系,包含了对于俄罗斯自身历史的认知与评价。苏联解体后,该体系在历史虚无主义的思潮中一度面临解构的危机。而伴随着后冷战时期国际政治格局的“钟摆式”变迁以及“东西方”问题在俄乌冲突背景下的日益凸显,当代俄罗斯历史话语体系逐步进入重构阶段。在这一过程中,作为19世纪俄国斯拉夫派代表人物的康斯坦丁·阿克萨科夫的思想遗产格外受到当代俄罗斯学界的关注与挖掘。“阿克萨科夫共同体”的成立,以及安年科娃、德米特里耶夫等权威学者的论著,推动了对于康·阿克萨科夫的思想研究与话语解读。新时期的康·阿克萨科夫研究,着重强调斯拉夫派历史理念的当代定位、俄罗斯历史文化传统的整体叙事、以及俄罗斯独特历史使命的话语回归。尤其在2022年俄乌冲突升级之后,康·阿克萨科夫在19世纪克里米亚战争背景下有关俄罗斯历史使命的诸多话语,被俄罗斯学者解读为当今俄罗斯历史使命及其在战争中话语合理性的思想依据。通过梳理当代俄罗斯学界对于康·阿克萨科夫的接受与阐释,能够窥见当前俄罗斯历史话语体系的重构方式及其基本架构。The discourse system contains a country's specific ideology,culture and values,and is related to its soft power and the construction of its international discourse,in which the historical discourse system occupies a cornerstone position.The contemporary Russian historical discourse system contains the cognition and evaluation of Russia's own history.After the collapse of the Soviet Union,the system once faced a crisis of deconstruction.With the"pendulum"changes in the international political landscape in the post-cold war period and the increasing prominence of the"East-West"issue in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict,the contemporary Russian historical discourse system has gradually entered a stage of reconstruction.In this process,the ideological heritage of Konstantin Aksakov,a representative of the Russian Slavic school in the 19th century,has received special attention and excavation from the contemporary Russian academic community.The establishment of the"Aksakov Community"and the writings of authoritative scholars such as Anenkova and Dmitriev have promoted the ideological research and discourse interpretation of Aksakov.The research of Konstantin Aksakov in the new period focuses on the contemporary positioning of Slavic historical concepts,the overall narrative of Russian historical and cultural traditions,and the return of the discourse of Russia's unique historical mission.Especially after the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2022,many of the discourses on Russia's historical mission written by Konstantin Aksakov in the context of the Crimean War in the 19th century have been interpreted by Russian scholars as the ideological basis for Russia's historical mission today and the rationality of its discourse in the war.By combing through the contemporary Russian academic community's acceptance and interpretation of Konstantin Aksakov,it is possible to get a glimpse of the reconstruction method and basic structure of the contemporary Russian historical discourse system.

关 键 词：俄罗斯历史话语体系 康·阿克萨科夫 斯拉夫主义 克里米亚战争 俄乌冲突 

分 类 号：I109.9[文学—世界文学]