个人信息保护中行政处罚的实施基础及制度逻辑  

Implementation Basis and Institutional Logic of Administrative Penalty in the Administration of Personal Information Protection

作　　者：陈可翔[1] Chen Kexiang

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院、区域法治研究院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第11期57-72,共16页Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境”(项目批准号:23ZDA056);国家社科基金青年项目“数字时代营商环境优化的行政法治问题研究”(项目批准号:23CFX033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：个人信息保护中行政处罚的实施正面临过度介入私权纠纷化解、压缩社会自治空间及混淆内部法益构造等质疑,亟需对其实施的必要性、可行性等基础问题重新审视。调整信息处理者与信息主体之间的不平等关系,规避个人信息处理领域的不特定公共风险,以及协调个人信息权益保护中的多元利益诉求,构成该领域行政处罚的实施基础,从本质上确立了该领域行政处罚实施的目标和边界。个人信息保护行政处罚制度建设须植根于互联网公域变迁与公共治理变革之语境,遵循价值平衡、风险预防、辅助监管等原则,从宏观、中观和微观层面促进公法与私法、硬法与软法的衔接适用,协调不同法律规范的效力位阶关系,以及推动制度设计的场景化、精细化。依托组织法、行为法、程序法构造确定行政处罚实施的主体结构、操作指南、流程指引等,有利于增强处罚实施的正当性和明确性。The implementation of administrative penalties in personal information protection is facing the challenges of excessive intervention in the resolution of private rights disputes,the compression of social autonomy space,and the confusion of internal legal interest structure.It is urgent to inspect the basic issues of the necessity and feasibility of its implementation.Based on the rectification of the unequal relationship between information processors and information subjects,the avoidance of unspecific public risks in the field of personal information processing,and the promotion of the coordination of multiple interest demands in the protection of personal information rights and interests constitute the basis for the implementation of administrative penalties,which essentially establishes the goal and boundary of the implementation of administrative penalties.Following this logic,the construction of the administrative penalty system for personal information protection should be rooted in the context of transition in the public sphere of the internet and transformation in public governance,follow the principles of value balance,risk prevention,and subsidiarity,and promote the convergence and application of public law and private law,hard law and soft law from the macro,middle,and micro levels,coordinate the effectiveness hierarchy relationship of different legal norms,and promote the scene-based and precise system design.Relying on the structure of organic law,act law,and procedural law to determine the main structure,operating guidelines,and process guidelines for the implementation of administrative penalties is conducive to enhancing the legitimacy and clarity of the implementation of penalties.

关 键 词：个人信息保护 行政处罚 公法秩序 公共治理 社会自治 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]