脉冲星时与原子时联合时间尺度建立初步研究  

Preliminary study on the establishment of composite time scales of p ulsar time and atomic time

作　　者：朱幸芝[1] 童明雷[1] 赵成仕[1] ZHU Xing-zhi;TONG Ming-lei;ZHAO Cheng-shi(National Time Service Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心,西安710600

出　　处：《时间频率学报》2023年第3期198-205,共8页Journal of Time and Frequency

基　　金：科技部SKA专项资助项目(2020SKA0120103);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1831130、11973046);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划“西部青年学者”资助项目(XAB2021YN27)。

摘　　要：原子时具有较高的短期稳定度,基于毫秒脉冲星自转建立的脉冲星时具有较高的长期稳定度,两者融合可构建长短稳优势兼具的时间尺度。本文通过经典加权平均算法,初步构建一个脉冲星与原子钟融合的联合时间尺度(composite time scale,CT)。基于国际权度局(BIPM)公布的TA(NTSC)-TAI原子时数据,并选取国际脉冲星计时阵(IPTA)公布的计时精度最高的4颗脉冲星,通过并列加权法和分类加权法这两种组合方式得到CT。结果表明并列加权法得到的CT相对于各脉冲星时在10年以内的稳定度改善明显,4~10年内稳定度与稳定度较高的脉冲星J0437-4715接近。分类加权法得到的CT对比并列加权的稳定度结果在采样区间两极优势明显,0.26年达到5.1×10^(-15),16.8年达到1.0×10^(-15),其中4颗星相比2颗星得到的CT于5.2年后稳定度有显著提高,且分类加权法得到的CT相对于TAI偏差更小,时间尺度更平稳。综上说明原子钟组的短稳特性可以对脉冲星钟组的短期噪声进行抑制,同时脉冲星时可提高联合时间尺度CT的长期稳定度。Atomic time has high short-term stability,and pulsar time based on the rotation of millisecond pulsars has high long-term stability.The integration of the two can construct a time scale that combines both long-term and short-term stability advantages.This article preliminarily constructs a composite time scale(composite timescale,CT)for the combination of pulsars and atomic clocks through the classical weighted average algorithm.Based on the latest atomic time data of TA(NTSC)-TAI published by BIPM,and selecting the four pulsars with the highest timing accuracy published by the International Pulsar Timing Array(IPTA),CT is obtained through a combination of parallel weighting and classification weighting.The results show that the CT’s stability obtained by parallel weighting is significantly improved within 10 years compared with each pulsar,and the stability is close to that of pulsar J0437-4715 with high stability in 4 to 10 years.The stability results of CT weighted by classification and parallel weighting have significant advantages at both ends of the time span,reaching 5.1×10^(-15) in 0.26 years,and 1.0×10^(-15) in 16.8 years,and the stability of CT obtained from 4 stars was significantly improved compared to that by 2 pulsars after 5.2 pulsars.CT obtained by the classification weighting method has a smaller deviation compared to TAI,and the time scale is more stable.In conclusion,the short-term stability of atomic clock group can suppress the short-term noise of pulsar clock group,while pulsar time can improve the long-term stability of comprehensive time scale CT.

关 键 词：时间尺度 脉冲星时 原子时 稳定度 

分 类 号：P127.1[天文地球—天体测量]