七里海河蟹稻田养殖气象服务指标研究  

Study on Meteorological Service Indicators of Qilihai River Crab Cultured in Paddy Field

作　　者：李静楠 何忠伟 尹紫薇 LI Jingnan;HE Zhongwei;YIN Ziwei(Ninghe District Meteorological Office,Tianjin 301500,China;Beidaihe Central Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qinhuangdao 066100,China;Jinnan District Meteorological Office,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市宁河区气象局,天津301500 [2]中国水产科学研究院北戴河中心实验站,河北秦皇岛066100 [3]天津市津南区气象局,天津300350

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第10期29-36,共8页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：天津市气象局连续项目(2020181xxm02)。

摘　　要：为科学指导稻田养蟹、合理利用气象条件趋利避害、增产增效,开展七里海河蟹稻田养殖气象服务关键技术研究,追踪河蟹的生长状况,同时对七里海地区稻田养蟹的水体生态和气象要素进行统计分析,确定该地区适宜河蟹生长的水温、溶解氧、酸碱度等生态条件和气温、气压、日照、相对湿度等气象条件,归纳总结得到适宜七里海河蟹稻田养殖不同阶段的气象服务指标,并提出气象服务要点及养殖建议。结果表明:七里海河蟹稻田养殖适宜在6月上旬投放蟹苗,适宜气温18~31℃、气压1 002~1 008 hPa、日照时数8 h;6月中旬-8月中旬多发高温、连续性暴雨、雷雨大风等灾害性天气,应提前做好天气趋势预测,采取措施维持稻田水质相对稳定,避免河蟹应激,并做好防逃逸措施;8月下旬-9月下旬为快速生长期,适宜水温20~26℃、气温18~29℃、气压1 009~1 014 hPa、平均最小相对湿度50%,应注意饵料投喂,促进河蟹生长;10月为育肥捕捞期,适宜水温10~18℃、气温7~21℃、气压1 019~1 025 hPa、日照时数7 h,应关注冷空气大风预报,投喂高蛋白含量的饵料,以利于幼蟹储能越冬和成蟹增膏捕捞;全养殖阶段水体以pH值在7.8~9.0的微碱性水质为宜,水体溶解氧为7.19~9.00 mg·L-1利于河蟹快速生长。综上,该研究为开展精细化的七里海河蟹稻田养殖气象服务提供了理论基础。In order to scientifically guide the cultivation of crabs in paddy fields,rationally use the meteorological conditions to avoid disadvantages,increase production and increase efficiency,the key technology of meteorological service for the cultivation of Qilihai river crab in paddy field was studied.The growth status of river crabs was tracked,and the water ecological and meteorological factors of crab cultivation in paddy field were statistically analyzed.The ecological conditions such as water temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH and meteorological conditions such as air temperature,air pressure,sunshine and relative humidity for the growth of river crabs in this area were determined,the meteorological service indexes suitable for different stages of paddy field culture of Qilihai river crab were summarized,and the key points of meteorological service and cultivation suggestions were put forward.The results showed that it was suitable to release juvenile crab in early June,the suitable temperature was 18-31°C,the air pressure was 1002-1008 hPa,and the sunshine hour was 8 h.From mid-June to mid-August,it was a flood season with frequent disastrous weather such as high temperature,continuous rainstorm and thunderstorm,the weather trend prediction should be made in advance,and corresponding measures should be taken to maintain the relative stability of rice field water quality,avoided the stress of river crabs,and took measures to prevent crabs from escaping.From late August to late September was the rapid growth period of river crab,the suitable water temperature was 20-26°C,the air temperature was 18-29°C,the air pressure was 1009-1014 hPa,and the average minimum relative humidity was 50%,attention should be paid to feeding bait to promote the growth of crabs.October was the fattening and fishing period,the suitable water temperature was 10-18°C,the air temperature was 7-21°C,the air pressure was 1019-1025 hPa,and the suitable sunshine duration was 7 h,attention should be paid to the forecast of cold air gale and

关 键 词：七里海河蟹 稻田养蟹 气象 生态 气象服务指标 

分 类 号：S968.25[农业科学—水产养殖]