煤矸石研究综述:分类、危害及综合利用  

Review of research on coal gangue with its classification,hazards and comprehensive utilization

作　　者：王小云 牛艳霞[1] Wang Xiaoyun;Niu Yanxia(College of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学化学工程与技术学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2023年第11期18-25,共8页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21606161)。

摘　　要：煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,处理不当不仅会占用大量的土地资源,还会对周边环境和居民身体健康造成不利影响。“双碳”背景下要实现煤炭行业的绿色高质发展,必须要解决煤矸石的处理处置问题。按照全硫含量、灰分产率、灰成分、碳含量和灰熔点对煤矸石进行了分类,对其物理性质和化学组成进行了分析。阐述了煤矸石污染环境、污染水土和引发地质灾害等危害的机理,介绍了煤矸石的主要处理方法即物理法、化学法、物理化学法。煤矸石综合利用途径目前主要有用作建筑材料、发电、熔融烧结、充填采空区、用作肥料等,其中熔融烧结法值得重点关注,因煤矸石中含有大量灰分,该方法可以使灰分得到有效利用,符合“吃干榨净”的理念。Coal gangue is one of the industrial solid wastes with huge emission in China.Improper disposal of the wastes not only occupies a lot of land but also brings about hazards to surroundings and the health of local residents.In order to realize the green and high-quality development of the coal industry with the goal of "double carbon peaking and carbon neutrality",it is necessary to solve all problems in the treatment on coal gangue.In this paper coal gangue was classified by total sulfur content,ash yield,ash composition,carbon content in the gangue and ash melting point,while physical properties and chemical composition of it were studied.This paper expounded the mechanism of harms caused by coal gangue such as contamination to environment and water and soil as well as geological disasters,presented the main approaches to disposal of coal gangue,namely physical method,chemical method and physicochemical method.At present,the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue is focused on application in building materials,power generation,melting-sintering,backfilling of mined-out area,and fertilizer production.However more attention should be paid to the melting-sintering process which facilitates the complete consumption and full use of coal gangue containing large amount of ash.

关 键 词：煤矸石 物理化学性质 综合利用 熔融烧结法 物理法 化学法 物理化学法 

分 类 号：TD849.5[矿业工程—煤矿开采]