多年冻土退化对冻结层上水变化的影响研究-以黄河源区为例  

The influence of permafrost degradation on the change of suprapermafrost water:A case study in the source area of the Yellow River

作　　者：朱亮[1] 杨明楠[1] 刘景涛[1,2] 张玉玺 李备[1] 周冰 陈玺[1] ZHU Liang;YANG Mingnan;LIU Jingtao;ZHANG Yuxi;LI Bei;ZHOU Bing;CHEN Xi(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Mechanism and Remediation,China Geological Survey/Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北省/中国地质调查局地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室,河北石家庄050061 [3]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2023年第6期3-13,共11页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(YK202312);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230422)。

摘　　要：冻结层上水是支撑寒区生态系统的重要水源和维持寒区水热循环过程的重要纽带,科学认识冻土退化对冻结层上水的影响作用,对气候变化加剧下高寒地区水资源及生态保护具有重要意义。针对黄河源区多年冻土退化的水文效应,基于典型监测点冻土地温、含水率监测数据和黄河沿水文站断面径流变化数据,分析黄河源区多年冻土退化特征,探讨冻结层上水水位埋深和补给过程对多年冻土退化的响应。结果表明:2010—2020年监测点0~2.4 m剖面上平均升温0.42℃,多年冻土上界面埋深由2.1 m降至2.5 m,平均下降速率4 cm/a;以2018年为时间节点,冻结层上水埋深由0.9 m以浅降至0.9~1.8 m之间;冻土退化引起活动层融化期(5—10月)的径流过程提前、径流极值比降低、1月份径流过程线更加凸出。地温是控制冻结层上水变化的核心要素,在暖湿化的气候变化条件下,多年冻土退化将改变冻结层上水的动态特征及其与地表水之间的水力联系,进一步影响黄河源区的水文生态过程。The supra-permafrost water is a vital water source to support the ecosystem and an important link in maintaining the hydrothermal cycle in the permafrost area.Under the intensification of climate change,scientific understanding of the effect of permafrost degradation on the supra-permafrost water is of great significance to water resources and ecological protection.Focusing on the hydrological effects of permafrost degradation in the source areas of the Yellow River,this study analyzed the degradation characteristics of permafrost,and revealed the response of the depth of groundwater level and recharge process of the supra-permafrost water to the permafrost degradation,on the basis of the temperature and moisture content of frozen soil at typical monitoring points and the runoff change at the Huangheyan Hydrologic Station.The results show that the average temperature increased 0.42°C at the 0−2.4 m profile of the monitoring point from 2010 to 2020.The depth of the upper interface of the permafrost reduced from 2.1m to 2.5 m,with an average decrease rate of 4cm/a.After 2018,the depth of supra-permafrost water level reduced from less than 0.9 m to 0.9−1.8 m.The permafros degradation led to the runoff process in the melting period of active layer(May−October)being advanced,the ratio of extreme value being reduced,and the runoff hydrograph in January being more prominent.Ground temperature is the dominant factor in controlling the changes of depth of the supra-permafrost water.Under the condition of warm and humid climate change,Permafrost degradation would change the dynamic characteristics of the water above the frozen layer and its hydraulic relationship with surface water,affecting the hydrological and ecological processes in the source area of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：冻土退化 冻结层上水 土壤水 地表径流 黄河源区 气候变化 

分 类 号：P641.139[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]