美国对华出口管制与中国企业全球价值链升级  

American Export Control to China and the Upgrading of Chinese Enterprises’Global Value Chain

作　　者：程凯 金缀桥 CHENG Kai;JIN Zhuiqiao(Institute of Industrial Economics,Chongqing Academy of Social Sciences,Chongqing 400020,China;Business School/European Study Institute,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆社会科学院〈重庆市人民政府发展研究中心〉产业经济研究所,重庆400020 [2]华东理工大学商学院/欧洲研究所,上海200237

出　　处：《经济经纬》2023年第5期61-72,共12页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目(22XJY011);重庆市社会科学规划“中特理论”重点项目(2023ZTZD11);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2019BJB014);重庆社会科学院引进人才项目(2021D0603);重庆社会科学院创造高品质生活青年学术创新团队研究项目(2022D0312)。

摘　　要：在理论阐释对华出口管制影响中国企业全球价值链升级机制的基础上,以美国高技术中间品为例,利用中国微观企业数据检验了美国对华出口管制对中国企业全球价值链升级的影响及作用机制。研究发现:美国对华出口管制会抑制中国企业全球价值链升级,该结果通过一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立。机制检验发现,美国对华出口管制主要通过降低中国企业成本加成率与提高国内外中间品相对价格来影响全球价值链升级。扩展分析发现,相较于一般贸易企业,美国对华出口管制对加工贸易企业全球价值链升级的抑制作用更大;相较于高技术创新企业,美国对华出口管制对低技术创新企业全球价值链升级的抑制作用更大。另外,企业获得的政府补贴会削弱美国对华出口管制对其全球价值链升级的抑制作用。因此,中国应该不断扩展经贸合作范围,加深与其他进口来源替代国的经贸联系,从而削弱美国对华脱钩的不利影响。Based on the theoretical explanation of the influence mechanism of export controls to China on the upgrading of global value chain of Chinese enterprises,this paper takes American high-tech intermediates as an example to test the impact and mechanism of American export controls on the upgrading of global value chain of Chinese enterprises by using Chinese micro-enterprise data.The study shows that US export controls to China will inhibit the upgrading of the global value chain of Chinese enterprises,and this result is still valid after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism test indicates that the US export control to China mainly affects the upgrading of its global value chain by reducing the cost addition rate of Chinese enterprises and increasing the relative price of intermediate goods at home and abroad.Extensive analysis shows that compared with general trade enterprises,US export controls to China have a greater inhibitory effect on the upgrading of global value chain of processing trade enterprises.However,compared with high-tech innovative enterprises,US export controls to China have a greater inhibitory effect on the upgrading of the global value chain of low-tech innovative enterprises.In addition,the government subsidies received by companies will weaken the inhibitory effect of US export controls on the upgrading of their global value chains.Therefore,the Chinese government should continue to expand the scope of economic and trade cooperation and deepen economic and trade ties with substitute countries of other import sources,so as to weaken the adverse impact caused by the decoupling of the United States from China.

关 键 词：美国对华出口管制 企业全球价值链 成本加成率 中间品相对价格 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易]