不同施肥方式对水稻产量及肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Rice Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate in Haikou

作　　者：吴晨光[1] 张冬明 WU Chenguang;ZHANG Dongming(Popularizing Agricultural Technique Service Center of Haikou,Haikou,Hainan 570206,China;Agricultural Environment and Soil Research Institute,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;Scientific Observing and Ex-perimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hainan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Preservation,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海口市农业技术推广中心,海南海口570206 [2]海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所,海南海口571100 [3]农业农村部海南耕地保育科学观测试验站,海南海口571100 [4]海南省耕地保育重点实验室,海南海口571100

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2023年第9期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省2022年农业资源及生态保护补助资金项目(No.琼财农[2022]361号);海口市2022年农药化肥减量补助项目(No.海农[2022]302号);海南省省属科研院所技术开发专项(No.KYYS-2019-05)。

摘　　要：为了进一步推广测土配方施肥技术,特对海口市水稻氮磷钾肥的利用率进行试验,对比分析了常规施肥与测土配方施肥2种不同施肥方式下水稻氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的利用效果。结果表明,测土配方施肥氮(N)肥利用率为40.27%,磷(P2O5)肥利用率为27.67%,钾(K2O)肥利用率为41.35%;配方施肥(N2P2K2)的水稻平均产量最高,为504.01 kg/亩(1亩≈667 m^(2)),有效穗长最高(25.91 cm)、瘪粒数(29粒)最低,稻秆重(41.84 g)、稻谷重(42.75 g)、结实率(83.99%)以及稻秆的氮、磷、钾、钙含量,稻米的氮、钾含量最高。数据证明,通过实施测土配方施肥技术,可以有效提升水稻对氮磷钾肥的利用率,促进水稻生长发育,是海口市水稻产值效益的一大重要保障。To promote the technology of soil testing and formula fertilization,we tested the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer for rice in Haikou,Hainan Province.The utilization effects of nitrogen fertilizer,phos-phorus fertilizer,and potassium fertilizer for rice under two different fertilization methods,conventional fertilization and for-mula fertilization,were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the utilization rates of nitrogen(N)fertilizer,phos-phorus(P_(2)O_(5))fertilizer,and potassium(K_(2)O)fertilizer were 40.27%,27.67%,and 41.35%,respectively.The average rice yield under formula fertilization(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))was the highest,with 504.01 kg×mu‒1.The length of the effective panicle was the highest(25.91 cm),the number of deflated grains was the lowest(29 grains),the heavy quality of the rice stalk(41.84 g),the weight of the rice stalk(42.75 g),the seed setting rate(83.99%),the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and calcium in rice stalk and nitrogen and potassium in rice were the highest.The data proved that the application of soil testing and formula fertilization technology could effectively improve the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer in rice and promote the growth and development of rice,which was a vital guarantee for the output value of rice in Haikou,Hainan Province.

关 键 词：配方肥 水稻 产量 养分吸收 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]