甘蔗抠芽育苗移栽技术研究  

Study on Yield and Sugarcane Content of Sugarcane Transplanted by the Mode of Bud Picking

作　　者：吴建明[1] 陈荣发[1] 范业赓[1] 廖李权 李燕娇 丘立杭[1] WU Jianming;CHEN Rongfa;FAN Yegeng;LIAO Liquan;LI Yanjiao;QIU Lihang(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Ge-netic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improve-ment/Sugarcane Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Guangxi Funan East Asia Sugar Industry Co.,Ltd.,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532100,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心,广西南宁530007 [2]广西扶南东亚糖业有限公司,广西崇左532100

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2023年第9期34-40,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFD2301104-04);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队建设(No.nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03);广西农业科学院科稳定资助团队项目(No.桂农科2021YT012)。

摘　　要：为打破传统栽培模式,实现“种苗”代替“种茎”的重大变革,为500万亩双高糖料蔗基地提供配套的栽培技术。以桂糖55号的茎尖组培脱毒健康种苗一代种茎、二代种茎、三代种茎和常规种茎为试验材料。2019-2020年,设计健康种苗一代种茎抠芽(从蔗茎中抠出蔗芽用秧盘育苗)育苗不同密度T1(57 750株/hm^(2))、T2(33 750株/hm^(2))、T3(27 750株/hm^(2))、健康种苗一代种茎直播T4(60 000芽/hm^(2))和常规种茎对照T-CK(90 000芽/hm^(2))共5个处理;在此基础上,2021年设计健康种苗抠芽育苗一代种茎F1(30 000株/hm^(2))、二代种茎F2(30 000株/hm^(2))、三代种茎F3(30 000株/hm^(2))和常规种茎F-CK(30 000株/hm^(2))共4个处理。2019—2020年试验结果表明,健康种苗一代种茎抠芽育苗T3处理的新植蔗和宿根蔗的有效茎数比对照分别提高10.55%和19.27%,产量比对照分别提高7.92%和7.43%;健康种苗一代种茎处理的新植蔗糖分略低于对照,但宿根蔗的糖分没有差异。2021年试验结果表明,健康种苗抠芽育苗一代种茎(F1)、二代种茎(F2)和三代种茎(F3)抠芽育苗的甘蔗有效茎数比对照分别高57.14%、42.41%、42.56%,蔗茎产量比对照分别提高24.78%、39.06%和29.28%,差异均达到显著水平;二代种茎抠芽育苗的产量最高,为100 526.40 kg/hm^(2),高出对照39.06%,糖分也高出对照0.09(绝对值)。说明在滴灌条件下,甘蔗抠芽育苗的最佳代数是茎尖脱毒健康种苗二代种茎,密度为30 000株/hm^(2),茎尖脱毒健康种苗的蔗茎产量显著高于常规种茎。To change the traditional cultivation mode,achieve the prime change of“seed seedling”instead of“seed stem”,and provide supporting cultivation technology for 5 million mu“high sugar content and yield”sugar cane base.The first,second,and third generations of virus-free healthy shoots of the sugarcane variety‘Guitang 55’and its seed stem were selected as experimen-tal materials.From 2019 to 2020,the first generation of healthy seedlings were treated at five densities:T1(57750 shoots·hm^(-2)),T2(33750 shoots·hm^(-2)),T3(27750 shoots·hm^(-2)),T4(60000 shoots·hm^(-2))and T-CK(90000 shoots·hm^(-2)).Based on the above design,in 2021,a total of four treatments were designed,they are the first-generation seed-stem F1(30000 plants·hm^(-2)),the second-generation seed-stem F2(30000 plants·hm^(-2)),the third-generation seed-stem F3(30000 plants·hm^(-2))and the conventional seed stem F-CK(30000 plants·hm^(-2)).From 2019 to 2020,the results showed that under the T3 condition,the affective stem number of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane of the first generation of healthy seedlings was 10.55% and 19.27% higher than that of the control,and the yield was 7.92%and 7.43%higher than that of the control sample,respectively.The sucrose content of the new plants in the treatment of the first seed stem of healthy seedlings was slightly lower than that of the control,but there were no differences in the sugar content of the ratoon cane.In 2021,the results showed that the number of effective sugarcane stems in the first generation(F1),the second generation(F2),and the third generation(F3)of healthy seedlings were 57.14%,42.41%and 42.56% higher than that of the control,respectively,and the cane stem yield was 24.78%,39.06% and 29.28% higher than that of the control sample,respectively.The differences were significant.The highest product of the second-generation seedling was 100526.40 kg·hm^(-2),which was 39.06%higher than that of the control one,and the sugar content was 0.09(absolute value).Under drip ir

关 键 词：甘蔗 健康种苗 抠芽 育苗 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]