“天道无亲,契者恒存”:人类契约文明的地理起源——王斐弘《敦煌契约文书研究》阅读悟要  

The Way of Heaven is Impartial,but the Contractor Exists with Perseverance:The Geographical Origin of Human Contract Civilization——The Comprehension On Reading Wang Feihong's Document Research of Dunhuang Contract

作　　者：王勇[1] Wang Yong(Law College,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学法学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《天水师范学院学报》2023年第4期26-33,共8页Journal of Tianshui Normal University

基　　金：2022年度甘肃长城长征国家文化公园建设专项课题(长城项目)“长城文化中蕴含的爱国精神、民族精神、时代精神”;2022年度甘肃省人文社会科学项目专项课题“河西走廊长城文化与中华民族共同体意识构建研究”(22ZZ124)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：敦煌文献中的“五契四书”,集中体现了中古时期的敦煌民众及行走在丝绸之路上的人们“善合亦善分”“善结亦善解”的“善契”智慧,这些智慧能够将“人人契约”与“天人契约”、“合契”与“符褉”完美地结合起来,从而使契约目的得以顺利实现。在敦煌契约中,诸如身份与契约、对等与互惠、公法与私法、神圣与世俗,以及私力救济与公力救济等从今天看来明显具有二元对立特征的概念和范畴,在当时的敦煌地区,却是统一的而不是分裂的,是和谐的而不是冲突的。这正是人类原生契约的完整精神。亚欧旧大陆上的契约地理,之所以集中分布于敦煌-吐鲁番这一个枢纽区域,是由这一区域的历史人文地理和自然气候地理共同塑造的结果。这一研究发现,一方面为找回东西方契约文明共同的历史地理起源提供了方法论启示,另一方面也为中国契约文明的制度自信和主体性自觉找到了文化根性,意义重大而深远。The"Five Deeds and Four Books"in Dunhuang literature epitomize the wisdom of"good deeds"—"good at cooperation and independence","good at connection and settlement"—of the Dunhuang people and the people who walked on the Silk Road in the Middle Ages,which can perfectly combine the"Contract of man"with the"Contract of heaven and man"、the"Contract of cooperation"with the"Contract of unification",so that the purpose of the contract can be achieved smoothly.In the Dunhuang contracts,it now seems such concepts and categories as identity and contract,equality and reciprocity,public law and private law,sacredness and secularity,the private relief and the public relief,which obviously have the characteristics of binary opposition,were united and not divided,harmonious and not conflicted in the Dunhuang area at that time.This is the complete spirit of the original human contract.The contract of geography in the Old Eurasian Continent is concentrated in the Dunhuang-Turpan area,which is the result of the historical human geography and the natural climate geography of this area.This finding not only provides methodological enlightenment to find the common historical geographical origin of contract civilization between western and eastern,but also finds the cultural root for the system confidence and subjective consciousness of contract civilization in China,which is of great significance.

关 键 词：敦煌契约 天契 人合 契约文明 地理起源 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]