上海鲜食玉米田杂草发生及优势杂草化学防除技术  

Weed occurrence and chemical control technology of major weeds in fresh maize fields in Shanghai

作　　者：李涛[1,2] 卫季辉 王剑峰 林丽 范洁群 LI Tao;WEI Jihui;WANG Jianfeng;LIN Li;FAN Jiequn(Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Agriculture,Shanghai 201415,China;CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Jinshan District Caojing Town Agricultural and Rural Service Center,Shanghai 201507,China;Shanghai Songjiang District Xinbang Town Agriculture Rural Service Center,Shanghai 201605,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院,上海201403 [2]上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [3]CIMMYT-中国特用玉米研究中心,上海201403 [4]上海特用玉米工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [5]上海市金山区漕泾镇农业农村服务中心,上海201507 [6]上海市松江区新浜镇农业农村服务中心,上海201605

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2023年第5期134-140,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划[沪农科卓(2022)009、沪农科卓(2022)017];上海市鲜食玉米产业技术体系[沪农科产字(2017)第10号]。

摘　　要：为明确上海鲜食玉米田杂草发生情况及优势杂草化学防除技术,开展了鲜食玉米田杂草抽样调查,同时测定了7种除草剂对鲜食玉米田杂草的防效。结果表明:上海鲜食玉米田共调查到杂草22种,隶属于9科,杂草群落组成以禾本科杂草为主,优势杂草为马唐、狗尾草、牛筋草、千金子和马齿苋。田间药效试验结果表明,供试的7种除草剂对鲜食玉米田杂草防效优异,施药后28 d总草株防效和鲜重防效均大于90%。供试的7种除草剂中,24%烟嘧·莠可分散油悬浮剂对鲜食玉米有轻微药害,其他除草剂均对玉米生长安全。与清水对照处理相比,供试除草剂的使用增加了‘申科甜811’‘申科糯191’和‘申科甜糯99’的产量,增产率为3.5%—11.3%。研究结果可为制定上海鲜食玉米田杂草防控策略提供科学依据和技术支撑。A weed survey was conducted to determine the weed occurrence in fresh maize fields in Shanghai.The control efficacy of 7 herbicides on dominant weed species was also examined.The results showed that there were 22 weed species in fresh maize fields in Shanghai,belonging to 9 families.The composition of the weed community was dominated by Poaceae weeds.The dominant weed species were Digitaria sanguinalis,Setaria viridis,Eleusine indica,Leptochloa chinensis and Portulaca oleracea.The results of field trial showed that the 7 herbicides had excellent control efficacy on weeds in fresh corn fields,and the reduction in seedling number and biomass of total weeds was over 90%after 28 days of application.The tested herbicides were safe to the fresh maize except 24%nicosulfuron·atrazine OD.Compared with the untreated control,the use of the tested herbicides increased the yield of‘Shenketian 811’‘Shenkenuo 191’and‘Shenketiannuo 99’,and the yield increased by 3.5%-11.3%.The results could provide scientific basis and technical support for the development of weed control strategies in fresh maize fields in Shanghai.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 杂草群落 除草剂 优势杂草 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]