施镁对红壤耕地油菜籽粒产量及品质的影响  

Effect of Magnesium Application on Seed Yield and Quality of Oilseed Rape in Red-soil Cultivated Land

作　　者：张晨 李炳霖 李子婧 罗军元 王馨悦 刘小三 肖国滨 吕伟生 ZHANG Chen;LI Bing-lin;LI Zi-jing;LUO Jun-yuan;WANG Xin-yue;LIU Xiao-san;XIAO Guo-bin;LYU Wei-sheng(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Key Laboratory of Red Soil Arable Land Conservation and Green Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Red Soil Cultivated Land Conservation,Nanchang 330046,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业农村部红壤耕地保育与绿色利用重点实验室/江西省红壤耕地保育重点实验室,江西南昌330046 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第9期21-28,共8页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12);江西省重点研发计划项目(20203BBF63034);江西省油菜产业技术体系专项(JXARS-08)。

摘　　要：为明确镁肥对红壤耕地油菜的增产提质效果,在典型红壤丘陵区(江西进贤)的水田和旱地分别设置了0、15、30、45和60 kg/hm2等5个镁肥施用量试验,研究了施用镁肥对油菜籽粒产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施用镁肥显著增加了油菜籽粒产量,当镁肥施用量介于34.9~46.7 kg/hm2时,油菜籽产量达到最高。与不施用镁肥相比,增施镁肥增加了油菜单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒质量,但对收获密度影响不显著;施用镁肥显著提高了油菜籽含油率,但降低了油菜籽的蛋白质含量,对油菜籽的含水率和硫甙含量则无显著影响;施用镁肥显著增加了单位面积籽粒油脂产量和蛋白产量,当镁肥施用量介于30~45 kg/hm2时,两者均达到最高;在脂肪酸组成方面,施用镁肥对籽粒油酸含量和亚麻酸含量均有显著提升效应,同时降低了亚油酸和芥酸含量,而对其他脂肪酸组分的影响较小。综合上述,红壤耕地镁肥施用量介于30~45 kg/hm2时,有利于提高油菜单株角果数、每角粒数及千粒质量,并提高了籽粒含油量、不饱和脂肪酸含量及蛋白产量,协同实现了增产提质。To determine the effect of Mg fertilizer on seed yield and quality of oilseed rape in red-soil cultivated land,a field experiment was conducted at Jinxian,Jiangxi Province(typical red soil hilly area),with five MgO application rates(0,15,30,45,60 kg/hm2)in red-soil paddy field and red-soil dryland.The effects of magnesium application on seed yield and quality of oilseed rape were analyzed.The results showed that Mg application significantly increased rapeseed yield.The MgO application rate for maximal seed yield was 34.9~46.7 kg/hm2.Mg fertilizer application increased the number of pods,number of seeds per pod and 1000-grain weight,but had no significant effect on harvest density.After application of Mg fertilizer,the oil content increased significantly,but the protein content reduced.Seed water and glucosinolate concentration were independent of Mg nutrition.Mg application increased oil yield and protein yield per unit area significantly.The amount of MgO fertilizer corresponding to the highest oil and protein production was 30~45 kg/hm2.As for fatty acid composition,Mg application increased the content of oleic acid and linolenic acid in seeds significantly,but decreased the content of linoleic acid and erucic acid,and had a non-significant effect on other fatty acid components.In red-soil cultivated land,proper MgO application(30~45 kg/hm2)is crucial to the synergistic improvement of yield and quality by improving seed yield and its components(number of pods per plant,number of grains per pod and 1000-grain weight),seed oil content,unsaturated fatty acid content and protein yield.

关 键 词：镁肥 红壤水田 红壤旱地 油菜 产量构成 品质 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]