太湖流域史前植物性食物资源初探--以朱墓村等遗址为例  

Preliminary Study on Prehistoric Plant Food Resources in the Taihu(Lake)Basin:A Case Study from Zhumucun and Other Sites

作　　者：邱振威 QIU Zhenwei(National Museum of China,Beijing 100006)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《中国农史》2023年第5期3-17,共15页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“坝上草原全新世早期的旱作农业与人类适应:以兴隆遗址为例”(42107470)。

摘　　要：植物性食物的生产是一种人类重要行为模式,与整个史前社会的发展密切相关。本研究立足太湖流域自马家浜文化到良渚文化考古遗址的孢粉、植硅体和大植物遗存的研究成果分析,形成以下几点认识。第一,全新世以前,该区域很可能有野生稻分布;稻作农业发生、发展于全新世大暖期(7900-4400 BP);距今7000年前,水稻在太湖流域即以驯化稻形式存在;马家浜文化以后水稻栽培技术取得明显进步。第二,自马家浜文化到良渚文化时期,以水稻种植为主的农业体系渐趋完善,水稻的主体地位不断强化、植物性食物的种类多样化。第三,植物性食物资源组合复杂化,既有谷物类的水稻,也有瓜果类的甜瓜、菱属等和可能作为蔬菜类的食物;植物性食物资源分布呈现区域一致性,又不乏地方性差异。第四,史前太湖流域在波动的环境体系中,稻作农业体系和考古学文化相互促进。The production of plant-based food is an important behavioral pattern of human beings,which is closely related to the development of the whole prehistoric society.Basing on study of archaeologi-cal sites in the Taihu(Lake)Basin attributed to the prehistoric Majiabang-Songze-Liangzhu cultural system though analyses of pollen,phytolith as well as macro-plant remains,the following understandings were formed.Firstly,wild rice was probably distributed in this area before the Holocene,and rice agriculture oc-curred and developed during the Holocene Optimum(7900-4400 BP).The domesticated rice in the Taihu(Lake)Basin was presented since 7000 years ago.Significant progress has been made in rice cultivation since the Majiabang Culture.Secondly,from the Majiabang Culture to the Liangzhu Culture,the rice-based agricultural system in the Taihu(Lake)Basin was gradually improved,among which the main foodstuff of rice continued to strengthen while the diverse plant food resources had always been presented.Thirdly,the combination of plant food resources is complicated,including rice as cereal,Cucumis melo and Trapa as mel-ons and fruits,and foods that may be used as vegetables;the distribution of plant food resources shows re-gional consistency,but there is no lack of local differences.Fourthly,the Taihu(Lake)Basin were in a dy-namic environmental system,among which rice-based agricultural system and archaeological culture pro-mote each other through self-catalytic.

关 键 词：太湖流域 新石器时代 稻作农业体系 植被历史 考古学文化变迁 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]