明清以来苏南地区传统有机肥草塘泥的积制与施用研究  

Study on the Accumulation and Application of Traditional Organic Manure Caotang Mud in Southern Jiangsu Province since Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：冷鹏 全思懋[2] LENG Peng;QUAN Simao(Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2023年第5期51-61,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:明清以来长三角地区生态环境变迁与特色农业发展研究(21&ZD225)。

摘　　要：草塘泥是苏南地区特有的一种传统有机肥,因富含有机质、肥效持久稳定、原材料来源广和制作方法便捷等优点,其积制技术和施用方式在当地延续发展了数百年。肥料技术的演进受到资源、政治和经济等方面的多重影响:肥料供给不足迫使人们积极开辟肥源和提升肥效,苏南地区丰富的肥料资源结合混合肥料理念与腐熟沤制技术,推动了草塘泥的产生;积肥造肥运动、推广“三水一萍”水生绿肥和扩种陆生绿肥等国家政策的实施,进一步扩大了草塘泥的原料来源,农业技术的进步也大幅提升了草塘泥的肥力和养分利用率,草塘泥技术得到科学改良并在江苏全省应用推广;随着肥料提质增效和农业绿色发展的需要,传统有机肥草塘泥逐渐向高效生物有机肥转型。Caotang mud is a traditional organic fertiliser unique to Southern Jiangsu.It has continued to develop in the local area for hundreds of years due to the rich organic matter,long-lasting and stable fertil-izer efficiency,wide sources of raw materials,and convenient production methods.The evolution of fertiliser technology is affected by resources,politics and economy:insufficient supply of fertiliser forces people to open up sources of fertiliser and enhance fertiliser efficiency,and the rich fertiliser resources in Southern Ji-angsu Province combined with the concept of mixed fertilisers and rotting composting technology to pro-mote the production of caotang mud;the accumulation of fertilisers to make fertiliser movement,the promo-tion of aquatic green manure and the expansion of terrestrial green manure and other national policies.The implementation of national policies such as the accumulation of fertiliser,the promotion of aquatic green ma-nure and the expansion of terrestrial green manure,further expanding the source of raw materials of caotang mud,the progress of agricultural technology has also greatly enhanced the fertility and nutrient utilisation of caotang mud,the caotang mud technology has been scientifically improved and applied and promoted throughout Jiangsu Province;with the fertiliser to improve the quality and efficiency of the needs of green development of agriculture,the caotang mud of traditional organic fertilisers is gradually transformed into highly efficientbio-organic fertilisers.

关 键 词：苏南地区 草塘泥 有机肥 积制与施用 绿色发展 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]